A Design: Pragmatics and Language Ethics on Students' Communication Skills in Higher Education (Literature Review, Experiment and Replication)

Authors

  • Erna Ikawati Universitas Isalam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan
  • Anita Angraini Lubis Universitas Islam Negeri Syeikh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18592/tarbiyah.v14i2.15637

Keywords:

communication skills, language ethics, module , pragmatics

Abstract

This study examines the role of pragmatics and language ethics in student communication in the campus environment, both in academic and social contexts. The purpose of this study is to understand the application of pragmatic principles in student communication, as well as to examine how language ethics affect their interactions in the classroom, on social media, and in everyday social interactions. The method used is a mixed-methods approach, with a narrative literature review technique by reviewing articles relevant to this topic. This was followed by the implementation of a module that replicated the problem strategy. The results of the study indicate that: First, pragmatic principles such as appropriateness of speech, politeness, and communication strategies have a major influence on increasing the effectiveness and ethics of student language. Language ethics, which includes the use of verbal and nonverbal strategies, has been shown to be an important element in fostering polite communication and maintaining interpersonal relationships. Secondly, experimental results on the use of the previously developed module showed a significance of 2.76 from being categorized as sufficient (: 4.86) to good (: 7.62). This significant result contributes to the development of theories of pragmatics and language ethics in education.

References

Abu-Rumman, M. A., Altakhaineh, A. R. M., Al-Badawi, M., & Hammouri, Y. (2024). Undergraduate and postgraduate students’ emails to faculty members: An impoliteness perspective. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, 20(1), 175–201. https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2024-2006

Afdal, H. W., Spernes, K., & Hoff-Jenssen, R. (2023). Academic reading as a social practice in higher education. Higher Education, 85(6), 1337-1355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00893-x

Agustiani, M. (2020). Integration of character education through the implementation of cooperative learning models. Concept: Community Concern for English Pedagogy and Teaching, 6(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.32534/jconcept.v6i1.1389

Alenezi, M. (2023). Digital learning and digital institution in higher education. Education Sciences, 13(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13010088

Alexander, B. (2020). Academia next: The futures of higher education. Johns Hopkins University Press.

AlAfnan, M. A., Dishari, S., & MohdZuki, S. F. (2024). Developing soft skills in the artificial intelligence era: Communication, business writing, and composition skills. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology, 4(4), 305-317. https://doi.org/10.37965/jait.2024.0496

Amerstorfer, C. M., & Freiin von Münster-Kistner, C. (2021). Student perceptions of academic engagement and student-teacher relationships in problem-based learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 713057. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713057

Anas, I., Nur, S., Afdaliah, A., Irmawati, I., & Akhmad, A. (2024). A Deep Dive Into Graduate Students’ Self-Efficacy And Academic Interaction In Online Learning. LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 27(1), 174–197. https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v27i1.5548

Artoni, D. (2024). How language teachers can go beyond speech etiquette: Adapting L2 Russian coursebooks to improve pragmatic competence. System, 126, 103506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103506

Astuti, R. D., Kurniati, L., & Sholikhin. (2022). Kemampuan Berbahasa Santun Perspektif Etika Komunikasi (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Bimbingan Skripsi). Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling (JPDK), 4(6). https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v4i6.8648

Audley, S., & Jović, S. (2020). Making meaning of children’s social interactions: The value tensions among school, classroom, and peer culture. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 24, 100357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2019.100357

Austin, T., & Riveros, R. A. M. (2025). Ethics for researching language and education: What the discourse of professional guidelines reveals. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 100221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2025.100221

Byram, M. (2020). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence: Revisited. Multilingual matters.

Cornelissen, J. P. (2023). Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice.

Dahlan, A. (2024). Literasi digital akademik. Tohar Media.

Dia, E. E., Suyono, S., Hs., W., & Sunaryo, S. (2020). Rhetoric Strategy In Classroom Discussion. Retorika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 13(1), 118. https://doi.org/10.26858/retorika.v13i1.9152

Elareshi, M., Ben Romdhane, S., & Ahmed, W. (2024). Evaluating university attributes and their influence on students’ attitudes: The mediating role of social responsibility communication. Administrative Sciences, 14(8), 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14080183

Economidou-Kogetsidis, M. (2023). “The language is very formal and appropriate”: L2 learners’ in/appropriateness evaluations and metapragmatic judgments in student-faculty emails. Journal of Pragmatics, 217, 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-024-00960-3

Fadilla, A. S., Alwansyah, Y., & Anggriawan, A. (2023). Pengaruh Bahasa Gaul Terhadap Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia Oleh Mahasiswa. Eunoia (Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia), 3(1), 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/eunoia.v3i1.2527

Fahmi, L., Nuryana, A., & Laela, F. (2024). Indonesian Comprehension Proposition on Malaysian Students of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 13(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v13i1.4283

Fardiah, D. (2021). Anticipating Social Media Effect: Digital Literacy among Indonesian Adolescents. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Educational Research (IJMCER), 3(3). https://www.ijmcer.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/IJMCER_X0330206218.pdf

Fillah, D. A. (2024). Dinamika Penggunaan Media Sosial: Studi Analisis Mahasiswa Komunikasi Dan Penyiaran Islam Dalam Mengungkap Permasalahan Pribadi [PhD Thesis, UIN Ar-Raniry Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi]. https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/40166/

Fink, A. (2014). Conducting research literature reviews: From the internet to paper (Fourth edition). SAGE.

Gamage, K. A., Dehideniya, D., & Ekanayake, S. Y. (2021). The role of personal values in learning approaches and student achievements. Behavioral Sciences, 11(7), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11070102

Gil-Cordero, E., Rodriguez-Rad, C., Ledesma-Chaves, P., & Sánchez Del Río-Vázquez, M.-E. (2023). Analysis of factors affecting the effectiveness of face-to-face marketing learning via TikTok, YouTube and video conferencing. Heliyon, 9(7), e17195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17195

Haile, K. W., Olamo, T. G., & Yemiru, M. A. (2024). Utilizing communication strategies to enhance reflective learning in Ethiopian EFL classrooms. Heliyon, 10(13), e32585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32585

Haliq, A., & Nasta, M. (2017). Pengaruh Komunikasi Nonverbal Dosen Terhadap Minat Belajar Mahasiswa. Retorika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.26858/retorika.v9i2.3797

Hanaysha, J. R., Shriedeh, F. B., & In’airat, M. (2023). Impact of classroom environment, teacher competency, information and communication technology resources, and university facilities on student engagement and academic performance. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 3(2), 100188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.100188

Hapsari, E. D., Rizaldy, D. R., & Khakim, I. A. (2021). Analysis of the Meaning of Pragmatics of Fatisanity in Class Discussions. Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa, 15(2), 149. https://doi.org/10.24036/ld.v15i2.111033

Haselow, A. (2021). The acquisition of pragmatic markers in the foreign language classroom: An experimental study on the effects of implicit and explicit learning. Journal of Pragmatics, 186, 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.09.017

Hastasari, C., Setiawan, B., & Aw, S. (2022). Students’ communication patterns of islamic boarding schools: The case of Students in Muallimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Heliyon, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08824

Hudaa, S., Bahtiar, A., & Nuryani, N. (2020). Pemanfaatan Teknologi untuk Pengajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 9(2), 384. https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v9i2.2361

Indriwardhani, S. P. (2012). Strategi Komunikasi Mahasiswa Bahasa Jerman Fakultas Sastra Um Pada Matakuliah Konversation. Bahasa dan Seni, 40(2). https://sastra.um.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/9.-Sri-Premeswari.pdf

Irpana, A. H. (2023). Humor Bahasa Toxic dalam Konten Kreator Gaming dan Implikasinya terhadap Perilaku Berbahasa Mahasiswa: Analisis Etika Komunikasi Islam. The Ushuluddin International Student Conference, 1(2). https://proceedings.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/UInScof2022/article/view/1108

Isakova, Z. Z. (2023). A Linguistic-Pragmatic And Linguistic-Cultural Study Of Irony In English And Uzbek Languages. Gospodarka i Innowacje., 36, 86–93. https://gospodarkainnowacje-pl.openconference.us/index.php/issue_view_32/article/view/1505

Ishihara, N., & Lee, H. E. (2021). Face and (im)politeness in aviation English: The pragmatics of radiotelephony communications. Journal of Pragmatics, 180, 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.04.030

Jesson, J. (2012). Doing your literature Review: Traditional and systematic techniques. SAGE Publications.

Kádár, D. Z., & House, J. (2020). Ritual frames: A contrastive pragmatic approach. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA), 30(1), 142–168. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.19018.kad

Kardiana, G. T., Zahwa, M. N., Istifayza, N., Aprilia, V., Devi, W. T., Sari, D. M., & Yuniar, A. D. (2021). Kesadaran mahasiswa terhadap etika berbahasa. Jurnal Integrasi dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 1(5), 605–613. https://doi.org/10.17977/um063v1i5p605-613

Kartika, D. (2017). Strategi Dan Penggunaan Modifikasi Dalam Kesantunan Tindak Tutur Memohon Oleh Mahasiswa Jepang Pada Program Bahasa Indonesia Penutur Asing (Bipa). Indonesian Language Education and Literature, 2(2), 136. https://doi.org/10.24235/ileal.v2i2.1418

Kasapakis, V., Dzardanova, E., & Agelada, A. (2023). Virtual reality in education: The impact of high-fidelity nonverbal cues on the learning experience. Computers & Education: X Reality, 2, 100020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cexr.2023.100020

Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. (2020). Panduan Penyusunan Kurikulum Pendidikan Tinggi di Era Industri 4.0 Untuk Mendukung Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka. Dapat diakses melalui laman https://dikti.kemdikbud.go.id/

Kotarputh, R. (2020). Pragmatic strategies and politeness in email exchanges by business English as a Lingua Franca (BELF) users in a Thai higher education setting: Managing miscommunication, enhancing intercultural communication and indicating levels of formality [Thesis, University of Southampton]. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/447989/1/PhD_Thesis_4_Kotarputh_Library_Copy.pdf

Kwame, A., & Petrucka, P. M. (2021). A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: Barriers, facilitators, and the way forward. BMC Nursing, 20(1), 158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00684-2

Lee, S., & Jeon, J. (2024). Teacher agency and ICT affordances in classroom-based language assessment: The return to face-to-face classes after online teaching. System, 121, 103218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2023.103218

Li, X., & Hu, W. (2024). Peer versus teacher corrections through electronic learning communities and face-to-face classroom interactions and EFL learners’ passion for learning, speaking fluency, and accuracy. Heliyon, 10(4), e25849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25849

Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2008). Theories of human communication (9th ed). Thomson/Wadsworth.

Liu, S., & Kinginger, C. (2021). The sociocultural ontogenesis of international students’ use of pragmatic strategies in ELF academic communication: Two contrasting case studies. Journal of Pragmatics, 186, 364–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.10.022

Liu, Y., Grieve, A., Walker, S., Khera, H., Sarkar, M., Ong, E., & Lim, A. S. (2024). Using Politeness Theory to Deconstruct How Preregistrant Pharmacists Approach Disagreement in the Workplace. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 88(12), 101303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpe.2024.101303

Liu, Y.-T., & Tseng, W.-T. (2024). Seeing to understand better? The interplay between cognitive traits and nonverbal visual cues in L2 video comprehension. System, 123, 103328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103328

M Garaeva, L., & R Nurieva, G. (2020). Verbal Aggression of Interprofessional Communication: On the‎ Material of Russian and English Languages. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 8(3 (Special Issue on Russian Culture and Language)), 28–36. https://www.ijscl.com/&url=http:/www.ijscl.net/article_242941.html

Mahariah, M. (2020). Implementasi Budaya Akademik Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam FITK Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Dalam Membentuk Pendidik Profesional [Thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara]. http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/10100/

Maki, P. L. (2023). Assessing for learning: Building a sustainable commitment across the institution. Routledge.

Margaretno, I. R. (2024). Pemaknaan Khalayak Terhadap Gaya Komunikasi Akun Tiktok @Mentikwangii Dalam Konten Pemasaran Kuliner [Thesis, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang]. http://repository.unissula.ac.id/id/eprint/36525

Marta, R. F., Sos, S., Francoise, A. P. D. J., Hum, S., Enggar Pribadi, S. S., Fil, M., Dulame, I. M., SE, M., Susanto, R., & MM, M. P. (2024). Pendidikan Karakter: Membangun Generasi Emas. Andi.

McCallen, L. S., & Johnson, H. L. (2020). The role of institutional agents in promoting higher education success among first-generation college students at a public urban university. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 13(4), 320. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000143

Meyer, E. C., Lamiani, G., Uveges, M., McLeod-Sordjan, R., Mitchell, C., Truog, R. D., ... & Milliken, A. B. (2025). Everyday clinical ethics: Essential skills and educational case scenarios. In HEC Forum (Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 179-201). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-024-09533-6

Mislikhah, S. (2020). Kesantunan Berbahasa. Ar-Raniry: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 1(2), 285–296. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jar.v1i2.7384

Moskvichev, A., Tikhonov, R., & Steyvers, M. (2023). Teaching categories via examples and explanations. Cognition, 238, 105511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105511

Munir, E., & Yavuz, M. A. (2024). Study of pragmatic analysis of literature on the development of ELT students’ receptive and productive skills: A case of North Cyprus. Heliyon, 10(21), e39558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39558

Nafari, J., Honig, B., & Siqueira, A. C. O. (2024). Promoting academic social intrapreneurship: Developing an international virtual incubator and fostering social impact. Technovation, 133, 103024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2024.103024

Noboru, T., Amalia, E., Hernandez, P. M. R., Nurbaiti, L., Affarah, W. S., Nonaka, D., Takeuchi, R., Kadriyan, H., & Kobayashi, J. (2021). School‐based education to prevent bullying in high schools in Indonesia. Pediatrics International, 63(4), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.14475

Nugraheni, A. S., & Syuhda, N. (2019). The Interference Of Malay Language Towards Indonesian Language. Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa, 13(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ld.v13i1.31974

Nur, F. (2019). Tradisi berbahasa kasar dalam komunikasi verbal dalam pandangan etika Al-Ghazali:Studi kasus terhadap mahasiswa jurusan Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam angkatan 2016 UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung [Skripsi, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati]. https://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/27102/

Nur’Aini, A. P., Devi, N. A., Putri, S. E. M., Ramadhani, N. S., & Arum, D. P. (2024). Etika Berbahasa Generasi Z di Platform’X’. Alinea: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra Dan Pengajaran, 4(3), 358–368. http://ejournal.baleliterasi.org/index.php/alinea/article/view/991

Nuzzo, E., & Brocca, N. (2024). Raising the (meta)pragmatic awareness of non-native pre-service teachers of L2 Italian with a telecollaborative data-driven learning project on formal email writing. System, 127, 103518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103518

Oliver, P. (2012). Succeeding with Your Literature Review (1st ed.). Open University Press.

Pasaribu, R. B., Nainggolan, K. G., Simbolon, N. R., & Tarigan, R. B. B. (2024). Etika Mahasiswa di Lingkungan Pendidikan. Sosmaniora: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 3(1), 114–120. https://doi.org/10.55123/sosmaniora.v3i1.3260

Peimani, N., & Kamalipour, H. (2021). Online education in the post COVID-19 era: Students’ perception and learning experience. Education Sciences, 11(10), 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11100633

Plis, I. N. (2023). Perilaku Oversharing Dan Citra Diri Pengguna Media Sosial Instagram. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik, 8(4). https://jim.usk.ac.id/FISIP/article/view/28530

Pratama, H. (2019). Linguistic politeness in online communication. LPPM Universitas Negeri Semarang.

Pribadi, I., Pajarianto, H., Nasriandi, N., Anuar, A. B., & Galugu, N. S. (2024). Penguatan Iklim Akademik Toleran Di Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah: Perspektif Peace Education. Widina Media Utama.

Purwiyanti, Y., Suwandi, S., & Andayani, N. (2017). Strategi Komunikasi Pemelajar Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing Asal Filipina. Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 6(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v6i2.448

Puspitasari, H. A., Rustono, R., & Baehaqie, I. (2022). Teacher Illocutionary Speech On Teacher-Student Interaction In Cultivating Character Values Of Vocational School Students. Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 11(1), 88-94. https://doi.org/10.15294/seloka.v11i3.55958

Qorib, M., & Afandi, A. (2024). Implementing Prophetic Values In The Islamic Life Guidelines For Muhammadiyah Citizens: A Qualitative Analysis For Transforming Science And Technolog. MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v48i1.1129

Rafiq, R., & Yavuz, M. A. (2024). Advancing English as second language communication: The effectiveness of online pragmatic training on essential speech acts. Heliyon, 10(11), e31763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31763

Rahardi, R. K. (2022). Multimodalitas sebagai Perspektif Baru Pembelajaran Pragmatik Edukasional: Persepsi Urgensi Inklusinya (Multimodality as a New Perspective of Educational Pragmatic Learning: Perception of the Urgency of Inclusion). Indonesian Language Education and Literature, 7(2), 449. https://doi.org/10.24235/ileal.v7i2.10018

Ramanadhan, S., Revette, A. C., Lee, R. M., & Aveling, E. L. (2021). Pragmatic approaches to analyzing qualitative data for implementation science: An introduction. Implementation Science Communications, 2(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-021-00174-1

Ridley, D. (2012). The literature review: A step-by-step guide for students (Second Edition). SAGE.

Ringotama, A. A., Setyaningsih, E., & Handayani, E. I. P. (2022). Preservice Teachers’ Perception on the Implementation of Online Project-Based Learning. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 10(4), 469. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v10i4.5621

Rokhmansyah, A., Nuryatin, A., & Supriyanto, T. (2025). Communication Strategies to Manage Language Study Programs in Indonesian Universities. International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope, 6(1), 541-551. https://doi.org/10.47857/irjms.2025.v06i01.02688

Romadlon, F. N. (2016). Communication Strategies In The Conversations Between Indonesian University Students And A Native Speaker. Vision: Journal for Language and Foreign Language Learning, 5(1), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.21580/vjv5i1858

Sadeghi, K., & Belali, J. (2025). Implementing practical argumentation framework as an analytic/evaluative tool in research Articles: The role of critical discourse analysis in language education. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 101769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101769

Saifudin, A. (2021). Kesantunan Bahasa Dalam Studi Linguistik Pragmatik. LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya, 16(2), 135–159. https://doi.org/10.33633/lite.v16i2.4107

Salem, E., Jarrah, M., & Alrashdan, I. (2020). Humor and the Creative Use of English Expressions in the Speech of University Students: A Case From Jordan. Sage Open, 10(1), 2158244020914552. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020914552

Saputra, D., Damayanti, V. S., Mulyati, Y., & Rahmat, W. (2023). Expressions of the use of slang among millennial youth on social media and its impact of the extension of Indonesia in society. Bahastra, 43(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.26555/bs.v43i1.325

Saragih, E. L. L., Marpaung, T. I., & Pujiono, Mhd. (2021). Multicultural Students’ Attitudes and Language Choices In The Era Of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (Sikap dan Pilihan Bahasa Mahasiswa Multikultural pada Era Revolusi Industri 4.0). Indonesian Language Education and Literature, 6(2), 363. https://doi.org/10.24235/ileal.v6i2.6701

Schirmer, W. (2024). Organization Systems and Their Social Environments: The Role of Functionally Differentiated Society And Face-to-Face Interaction Rituals. In S. Clegg, M. Grothe-Hammer, & K. S. Velarde (Eds.), Research in the Sociology of Organizations (pp. 287–308). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X20240000090012

Shafira Lubis, S., & Hamuddin, B. (2019). Online Interactive Communication via Academic Blogging Activities Among Indonesian EFL Students. REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language, 1(2), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.31849/reila.v1i2.3131

Sofi-Karim, M., Bali, A. O., & Rached, K. (2023). Online education via media platforms and applications as an innovative teaching method. Education and Information Technologies, 28(1), 507-523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11188-0

Spicer, A. (2020). Playing the Bullshit Game: How Empty and Misleading Communication Takes Over Organizations. Organization Theory, 1(2), 2631787720929704. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631787720929704

Sudjalil, S., Mujianto, G., & Rudi, R. (2022). Pengintegrasian Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Pendekatan Pragmatik dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Daring. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 5(1), 49–70. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v5i1.293

Sundaram, A., Subramaniam, H., Hamid, S. H. A., & Nor, A. M. (2023). A Systematic Literature Review on Social Media Slang Analytics in Contemporary Discourse. IEEE Access, 11, 132457–132471. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3334278

Syafiyah, S. (2010). From Sociolinguistics To Communicative Language Teaching. LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa Dan Sastra, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.18860/ling.v3i1.575

Tuhuteru, L. (2023). The role of citizenship education in efforts to instill democratic values. International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v2i4.361

Wahono, M., Budimansyah, D., Malihah, E., & Fitriasari, S. (2023). The Role of Social Capital of Islamic Students (Santri) in Facing the Impacts of Globalization: A Case Study at Buntet Islamic Boarding School. Society, 11(2), 377–397. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v11i2.591

Walia, N. (2022). Promoting Ethics And Morality In Education For Equality, Diversity And Inclusivity. Journal of Multidisciplinary Cases, 21, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55529/jmc.21.1.9

Windarto, W. (2023). Literasi Digital Dalam Etika Bermedia Sosial Yang Berbudi Luhur Bagi Warga Krendang, Tambora, Jakarta Barat. Sebatik, 27(1), 201–207. https://doi.org/10.46984/sebatik.v27i1.2266

Yelly, P. (2024). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Humanistik Dalam Mata Kuliah Berbicara Untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Etika Berbahasa Mahasiswa. Jurnal Serunai Bahasa Indonesia, 21(2). https://www.ejournal.stkipbudidaya.ac.id/index.php/je/article/view/1451

Yonsa, Y. F. Y. (2020). Menjalin Hubungan Sosial Melalui Kesantunan Berbahasa. Sarasvati: Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 2(1), 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/sv.v2i1.862

Yuan, L. (2024). EFL teacher-student interaction, teacher immediacy, and Students’ academic engagement in the Chinese higher learning context. Acta Psychologica, 244, 104185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104185

Yuliyawati, S. N. (2020). Kesantunan Berbahasa Mahasiswa Pada Pesan WhatsApp Kepada Dosen. Indonesian Language Education and Literature, 5(2), 198. https://doi.org/10.24235/ileal.v5i2.5297

Zuo, B. (2023). “I don’t mean to humblebrag”—On the reception of humblebrags from a cognitive-pragmatic perspective. Journal of Pragmatics, 218, 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2023.10.011

Downloads

Published

2026-01-17

How to Cite

Ikawati, E., & Lubis , A. A. (2026). A Design: Pragmatics and Language Ethics on Students’ Communication Skills in Higher Education (Literature Review, Experiment and Replication). Tarbiyah : Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 14(2), 387–411. https://doi.org/10.18592/tarbiyah.v14i2.15637

Issue

Section

Articles