IMPROVING LITERAL AND INFERENTIAL COMPREHENSION USING KNOW-WHAT TO LEARN-LEARNED (KWL) STRATEGY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/let.v4i2.1402Keywords:
K-W-L, Reading Comprehension, Literal, Inferential.Abstract
This paper highlights the findings of a study which was undertaken at the Institute for Islamic Studies (hencefort STAIN) of Palangka Raya. The aim of the study was to describe how the teaching of reading using reading strategy Know-What to learn-Learned (henceforth K-W-L) strategy can improve reading comprehension for the fifth semester students of the English education study program in STAIN Palangka Raya in academic year 2013/2014. 26 fifth semester students from English education study program were taken as the subject of the study. The data were taken from observation, field notes, questionnaire, and achievement test. The result reveals that the K-W-L not only improves comprehension but also increase motivation in learning.References
Alderson, J. C. (1984). Reading in a Foreign Language: A reading Problem or a Language Problem? In J. C. Alderson & A. H. Urquhart (Eds.), Reading in a Foreign Language. London: Longman.
Alderson, J.C. (2000). Assessing Reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Anderson, N. J.(1994). Developing ACTIVE readers: A pedagogical framework for the second language reading class. System 22: 177-194.
Anderson, N. J. (1999). Exploring Second Language Reading: Issues and strategies. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Arikunto, S., Suhardjono, & Supardi. (2008). Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara
Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C. & Razavieh, A. (2006). Introduction to Research in Education, 3rd Edition. New York: Rinehart and Winston.
Birch, B. M. (2002). English L2 Reading: Getting to the Bottom. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum
Blachowicz, C. & Ogle, D. (2008). Reading Comprehension: Strategies for Independent Learners (2nd ed.). London: The Guilford
Brown, R., Cox-Ogan, L., El-Dinary, P. B., & Pressley, M. (1995). A Transactional Strategies Approach to Reading Strategies. Reading Teacher, 36. (online) (http://www.newsfirstsearch.oclc.org, accessed on February 6th 2010).
Burnard, S. (1998). Developing Children’s Behavior in the Classroom: A Practical Guide for Teachers and Students. London: The Falmer
Burns, P. C., Roe, B. D., & Ross, E. P. (1996). Teaching Reading in Today’s Elementary School. (Sixth Edition). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Carnine, D., Silbert, J., & Kameenui, E. J. (1990). Direct Instruction Reading (2nd Ed.). Columbus: Merrill.
Chesla, E. (2000). Read Better, Remember More (2nd Edition). New York: Learning Express, LLC.
Djiwandono, S. (2009). Scoring & Grading. Unpublished Handout for the Evaluation in Language Teaching Course. State University of Malang
Dunlap, A.J. (1999). The Effects of Self-Questioning on Comprehension of Expository Text and Development of Content Writing with Second Grade Students. Published Thesis. Kansas: Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Wichita State University
Gebhard, J. G. (2000). Teaching English as a Foreign or Second Language. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Gelewa, B.( 2005). Implementing Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DR-TA) in Teaching Reading Comprehension to the 3rd year students of SMPN 13 Samarinda. Unpublished thesis. State University of Malang.
Goodman, K. (1988). The Reading Process. In Carrell, P.L., Devine, J., & Eskey, D. E. Interactive Approaches to Second Language Reading. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Grabe, W. & Stoller, F. L. (2002). Teaching and Researching Reading. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Janzen, J. (2002). Teaching Strategic Reading. In Richard, J. C., & Renandya, W. A. (Eds.). Methodology in Language Teaching: An anthology of current practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kemmis, S. & McTaggart, R. (1988). The Action Research Planner. Victoria: Deakin University Press.
Koshy, V. (2007). Action Research for Improving Practice: a Practical Guide. London: SAGE.
Latief, M.A. (2009). Classroom Action Research in Language Learning. State University of Malang. (online) (http://sastra.um.ac.id/?p=1838, accessed on February 8th 2010).
Locke E., & Latham, G. (1990). A Theory of goal Setting and Task Performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Mason, J. M. & Au, K. H. (1990). Reading Instruction for Today (2nd Edition). HarperCollins.
McKown, B. A. & Barnett, C. L. (2007). Improving Reading Comprehension through Higher-Order Thinking Skills. (online) (http://www.eric.ed.gov/ [ED496222], accessed on June, 8th 2009)
McNeil, J. D. (1992). Reading Comprehension: New Direction for Classroom Practice (3rd Edition). New York: HarperCollins.
McNiff, J. (1992). Action Research: Principle and Practice. New York: Roudledge.
Meyer, B. J. F., Brandt, D. M., & Bluth, G. J. (1980). Use of Top Level Structure in Text: Key for Reading Comprehension of Ninth-Grade Students. Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 72-103.
Morrison, L. (2004). Comprehension monitoring in first and second language reading. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 61(1), 77-106.
Nation, I.S.P. (2009).Learning to Read in another Language. In Nation, I.S.P (Ed.). Teaching ESL/EFL Reading and Writing. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
Nunan, D. (1991). Language Teaching Methodology: A Textbook for Teachers. New York: Prentice Hall.
Nuttall, C. (1996). Teaching Reading in a Foreign Language. (Second Edition). London: Heinemann.
Ogle, D. M. (1986). K-W-L: A Teaching Model That Develops Active Reading of Expository Text. In Mason, J. M. & Au, K. H. Reading Instruction for Today (2nd Edition). HarperCollins.
Pujiastuti & Pujiono. (2008). Penerapan Metode K-W-L dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Rahim, Farida. (2007). Pengajaran Membaca di Sekolah Dasar. Jakarta : Bumi Aksara.
Stahl, K. A. D. 2004. Proof, Practice and Promise: Comprehension Strategy Instruction in Primary Grades. The Reading Teacher, 57 (7): 598-609.
Stanovich, K. E. (1980). Toward an Interactive Compensatory Model of Individual Differences in the Development of Reading Fluency. Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 32-71.
Zhang, L.J. (2001). Awareness in Reading: EFL Students’ Metacognitive Knowledge of Reading Strategies Acquisition-Poor Environment. Language Awareness, 10, 268-288.
Zhang, L. J., & Wu, A. (2009). Chinese senior high school EFL students’ metacognitive awareness and reading-strategy use. Reading in a Foreign Language, 21 (1), 37-59.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
LET (LINGUISTICS, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE TEACHING) http://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php/let/index licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.