OTORITAS POLITIK DALAM KODIFIKASI MUSHAF PADA MASA KHULAFĀ’ AL-RĀSYIDĪN

Authors

  • MUHAMMAD ANSHORI Mahasiswa Doktor Studi Islam Konsentrasi Studi Alqur’an dan Hadis UIN Sunan Kalijaga

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18592/jiiu.v18i2.3188

Keywords:

Political Power, Khulafā 'al-Rāsyidīn, Codification of Manuscripts

Abstract

This paper seeks to explore the history of the study of codification of manuscripts which still remains problematic. Even some Muslim thinkers doubt the authenticity of the manuscripts circulating now, or commonly referred to as Mushaf ‘Uṡmāni. In Islamic history, the Qur'an at the time of the Prophet Muhammad was not codified as it is now. At that time, the diversity of reading methods (qirā'ah) was so rich that many friends had their own manuscripts. But in the time of ‘Uṡmān, the Mushaf only had one version because the other Manuscripts were  “destroyed". Even many Mushaf were burned at that time, so some friends (campanions/ṣaḥābah) did not accept this. This will not happen without anyone behind it, and certainly has to do with the caliph's political authority at that time as the holder of power. Then why did the time of khulafā 'al-rāsyidīn united the mushaf? What is the reason for the caliph of the early days of Islam to united the Mushaf and burned the other manuscripts? With a historical approach and analytical-critical method, this paper seeks to examine in depth the background or motives for the union of Mushaf and the burning of other best manuscripts. In addition, this paper will also briefly described some of the best-known Mushaf in the history of the Qur'an. They are ‘Alī bin Abū Ṭālib (d. 40 H), Ibn Mas'ūd (d. 32 H), and Ubay bin Ka'ab (d. 21/22 H).

References

Abdul Lathif, Abdussyafi Muhammad, Bangkit dan Runtuhnya Khilafah Bani Umayyah, trj. Masturi Irham dan Malik Supar, Jakarta: Amzah, cet-I, 2014.

Abū Zaid, Naṣr Ḥāmid, Mafhūm al-Naṣṣ: Dirāsah fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān, Beirut: Markaz al-Ṡaqāfī al-Arabī, cet-V, 2008.

Al-Abyārī, Ibrāhim, Tārīkh al-Qur’ān, Kairo: Dār Qalam, cet-1, 1965 M.

Al-‘Akk, Khālid ‘Abdur Raḥmān, Uṣūl al-Tafsīr wa Qawā’iduh, edisi revisi, Beirut: Dār al-Nafā’is, cet-II, 1406 H/1986.

Amal, Taufik Adnan, Rekonstruksi Sejarah al-Qur’an, Yogyakarta: Forum kajian Agama dan Budaya, cet-I, 2001.

Arif, Syamsuddin, Orientalis & Diabolisme Pemikiran, Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, cet-I, 1429 H/2008 M.

Armas, Adnin, Metodologi Bibel dalam Studi Al-Qur’an: Kajian Kritis, Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, cet-III, 1428 H/2007 M.

Athaillah, Sejarah al-Qur’an: Verifikasi tentang Otentisitas al-Qur’an, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, cet-I, 2010.

Baidan, Nashruddin, Wawasan Baru Ilmu Tafsir, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, cet-II, 2011.

Barong, Haidar, Umar bin Khattab Dalam Perbincangan: Penasfiran Baru, Jakarta: Yayasan Cipta Persada Indonesia, cet-I, 1994.

Al-Faisān, Su’ūd bin ‘Abdullāh, Ikhtilāf al-Mufassirīn: Asbābuhu wa Āṡāruhu, Riyaḍ: Dār Isybīliyā, cet-I, 1418 H/1997 M.

Ibn Kaṡīr, ‘Imāduddīn Abū al-Fidā’ Ismā’īl bin ‘Umar bin Kaṡīr al-Qurasyī al-Dimasyqī, al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, ditaḥqīq oleh ‘Abdullāh bin ‘Abdul Muḥsin al-Turkī, jilid-X, Madinah: Dār al-Buḥūṡ wa al-Dirāsāt al-‘Arabīyah wa al-Islāmīyah, cet-I, 1418 H/1998 M.

Ismā’īl, Muḥammad Bakar, Dirāsah fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān, Kairo: Dār al-Manār, cet-I, 1411 H/1991 M.

Itr, Nūruddīn, Ulūm al-Qur’ān al-Karīm, Damaskus: Maṭba’ah al-Ṣabāḥ, cet-I, 1414 H/1993 M.

Khalid, Muhammad Khalid, ‘Utsman ibn ‘Affan: Khalifah Penjunjung Al-Qur’an, trj. Rashid Satari, Bandung: Mizan Media Utama, cet-I, 1436 H/2014.

Muḥammad Ya’qūb, Ṭāhir Maḥmūd, Asbāb al-Khaṭa’ fī al-Tafsīr: Dirāsah Ta’ṣīlīyah, al-Mamlakah al-Arabīyah al-Su’ūdīyah: Dār Ibn al-Jauzī, cet-I, 1425 H.

Al-Qāḍī, Abdul Fattāḥ, Asbāb al-Nuzūl an al-Ṣaḥābah wa al-Mufassirīn, Kairo: Dār al-Salām li al-Ṭibā’ah wa al-Nasyr wa al-Tauzī’ wa al-Tarjamah, cet-IV, 1433 H/2012 M.

Al-Qaṭṭān, Mannā’ Khalīl, Mabāḥiṡ fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān, Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah, t.th. dan terbitan Riyadh: Mansyūrāt al-‘Aṣr al-Ḥadīṡ.

Robinson, Chase F, Islamic Historiography, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, cet-I, 2003.

Robinson, Neal, Discovering The Qur’ān: A Contemporary Approach to A Veiled Text, Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2003.

Al-Rūmī, Fahd bin ‘Abdur Raḥmān bin Sulaimān, Dirāsāt fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān al-Karīm, Riyadh-Al-Mamlakah ‘Arabīyah al-Sa’ūdīyah, cet-XIV, 1426 H/2005 M.

Sabt, Khālid bin Uṡmān, Qawā’id al-Tafsīr: Jam’an wa Dirāsah, KSA: Dār Ibn ‘Affān, 1421 H.

Al-Ṣābūnī, Muḥammad ‘Alī, al-Tibyān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān, Jakarta: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, cet-I, 1424 H/2003 M.

Al-Ṣalabī, ‘Alī Muḥammad, Sīrah Amīr al-Mu’minīn ‘Uṡmān Ibn ‘Affān: Syakhṣīyatuhu wa ‘Aṣruhu, Beirut: Dār al-Ma’rifah, cet-I, 2009, edisi bahasa Indonesia, Biografi Utsman Bin Affan, trj. Masturi Irham dan Malik Supar, Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar, cet-I, 2013.

Ṣāliḥ, Ṣubḥī, Mabāḥiṡ fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān, Beirut: Dār al-Ilmi li al-Malāyīn, cet-XVII, 1988.

Fahmi Salim, Kritik Terhadap Studi Al-Qur’an Kaum Liberal, Jakarta: Perspektif, cet-I, 1431 H/2010 M.

Shiddieqy-Ash, Hasbi, Sejarah dan Pengantar Ilmu al-Qur’an/Tafsir, Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, cet-XI, 1987 M.

Al-Sijistānī, Abū Bakar ‘Abdullāh bin Sulaimān bin al-Asy’aṡ, Kitāb al-Maṣāḥif, ditaḥqīq oleh Muḥibbuddīn Wā’iẓ, Beirut: Dār al-Basyā’ir al-Islāmīyah, cet-I, 1415 H/1995 M.

Al-Sindī, ‘Abdul Qayyūm bin ‘Abdul Gafūr, Ṣafaḥāt fī ‘Ulūm al-Qirā’āt, Makkah al-Mukarramah: Dār al-Basyā’ir al-Islāmiyyah, cet-II, 1422 H/2001 M.

Al-Suyūṭī, Jalāluddīn Abū al-Faḍl ‘Abdurraḥmān bin Abū Bakar, al-Itqān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān, ditaḥqīq oleh Muḥammad Sālim Hāsyim, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah, cet-IV, 1433 H/2012 M.

Syāhīn, ‘Abd al-Ṣabūr Tārīkh al-Qur’ān, Kairo: Dār Qalam, cet-1, 1966 M.

Al-‘Umari, Akram Diya’,‘Tolak Ukur’ Peradaban Islam: Arkeologi Sejarah Madinah dalam Wacana Trans-Global, trj. Hasani Asro dan A. Fawaid Syadzili, Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, cet-I, 2003.

Al-Usairy, Ahmad, Sejarah Islam: Sejak Zaman Nabi Adam Hingga Abad XX, trj. Samson Rahman, Jakarta: Akbar Media, cet-XI, 1434 H/2013 M.

Wijaya, Aksin, Menggugat Otentisitas Wahyu Tuhan: Kritik Atas Nalar Tafsir Gender, Yogyakarta: Safiria Insania Press, cet-I, 2004.

Al-Zarkasyī, Abū ‘Abdillāh Badruddīn Muḥammad bin Bahādir bin ‘Abdullāh, al-Burhān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān, ditaḥqīq oleh Muḥammad Abū al-Faḍl Ibrāhīm, Kairo: Dār al-Turāṡ, t.th.

Downloads

Published

2019-12-30