PARADIGMA DAN ALIENASI KONSEP MASLAHAT AL-TUFI SEBAGAI LEGALITAS SUMBER SYARIAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/al-banjari.v19i2.3823Keywords:
legality, maslahat, al-tufi, shariaAbstract
AbstractThis paper aims to describe the al-Ṭūfī's concept of maṣlaḥah as the supremacy of Islamic law and its difference with the concept of maṣlaḥah by the majority of scholars. This research is in the form of library research with content analysis and comparison methods. The primary sources used were Sharḥ al-Arba'īn al-Nawāwī Mulḥiq al-Maṣlaḥah fi al-Tashrī 'al-Islāmī and Sharḥ Mukhtaṣar al-Rawḍah. Maṣlaḥah for al-Ṭūfī is all causes that lead to good, both in the field of worship and muamalah, and all efforts to realize maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. Al-Ṭūfī based his concept on text, consent, and intelligence. Al-Tufi places maṣlaḥah as the strongest and independent proposition in the field of mu’āmalah. This thought is what distinguishes it from the concept of maṣlaḥah in general. The methods he uses are takhṣīṣ and bayān, both of which only apply to ẓannī texts, not qaṭ'ī texts. AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep maṣlaḥah al-Ṭūfī sebagai supremasi hukum syariah dan distingsinya dengan konsep maslahat mayoritas ulama. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian pustaka dengan metode content analisys dan komparasi. Sumber primer yang digunakan yaitu Sharḥ al-Arba‘īn al-Nawāwī Mulḥiq al-Maṣlaḥah fi al-Tashrī‘ al-Islāmī dan Sharḥ Mukhtaṣar al-Rawḍah. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa menurut al-Ṭūfī, maslahat ialah segala sebab yang membawa kepada kebaikan, dalam bidang ibadah dan muamalah, serta segala upaya untuk merealisasikan maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Konsepnya didasarkan atas nash, ijmak, dan intelegensi. al-Tufi menempatkan maslahat sebagai dalil mandiri dan terkuat dalam bidang muamalah. Hal inilah yang membedakannya dengan konsep maslahat secara umum. Metode yang ia gunakan yaitu dengan takhṣīṣ dan bayān yang kedunya hanya berlaku pada nash ẓannī, bukan nash qaṭ‘ī.References
‘Ali, Ahmad. “Reformulasi al-Maṣlaḥah: Relevansi dan Implementasinya dalam Pengembangan Pemikiran Hukum Islam Kontemporer.” UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2008.
‘Āshūr, Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir Ibn. Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah al-Islāmiyyah. Qatar: Wizārah al-Awqāf wa al-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyyah, 2004.
Abdurrahman. “Konsep Mashlahah Menurut Najmuddin al-Thufi.” IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 1997.
Al-Alwānī, Ṭāhā Jābir. Source Methodology In Islamic Jurisprudence. Diedit oleh Yusdani. Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2001.
Al-Būṭī, Muḥammad Sa’īd Ramaḍān. Ḍawābiṭ al-Maṣlaḥah fī al-Sharī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah. I. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risālah, 1973.
Al-Dīn, Muḥammad Muṣlīḥ. Philosophy of Islamic Law and the Orientalist (a Comparative study of Islamic Legal System). Delhi: Markaz Maktab Islami, 1985.
Al-Ghazzālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. Al-Mustaṣfā Min ’Ilm al-Uṣūl. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā ’al-Turāth al-’Ᾱrabi, n.d.
Al-Ghazzālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad. Al-Mustaṣfā min ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl. Madinah: al-Jāmi’ah al-al-Islāmiyyah, n.d.
Al-Raḥmān, Jalāl al-Dīn ‘Abd. Al-Maṣlaḥah al-Mursalah wa Makānatuhā fi al-Tashrī. Maṭba’ah al-Sa’ādah, 1983.
Al-Salām, Abū Muḥammad ‘Izz al-Dīn ’Abd. Qawā’id al-Aḥkām fi Maṣāliḥ al-Anām. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Rayyah, 1990.
Al-Shāṭibī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm bin Mūsā Bin Muḥammad. al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharī‘ah. Arab Saudi: Dār Ibn ‘Affān, 1997.
Al-Ṭūfī, Najm al-Dīn. “Sharḥ Arba’īn Nawāwī.” In Al-Maṣlaḥah fī al-Tashrī’ al-Islāmī wa Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī, diedit oleh Muṣṭafā Zayd. Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arābī, 1954.
———. Sharḥ Mukhtaṣar al-Rawḍah. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risālah, 1990.
Al-Zuhaylī, Wahbah. Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-Islāmī. Suriah: Dar al-Fikr, 1986.
Asmin, Yudian W. Filsafat Hukum Islam dan Perubahan Sosial. Surabaya: Al-Ikhlas, 1995.
Bagir, Haidar. Ijtihad dalam Sorotan. Bandung: Mizan, 1996.
Bik, Muḥammad Khuḍarī. Tārīkh Tashrī’ al-Islāmī . Kairo: Dār al-Fikr, 1967.
Doi, Abdur Rahman I. Syari’at Kodifikasi Hukum Islam. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 1993.
Esposito, John L. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Fuad, Mahsun. Hukum Islam di Indonesia: dari Nalar Parsitipatoris Hingga Emansipatoris. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2005.
Ḥasān, Ḥusayn Ḥamīd. Naẓariyah al-Maṣlaḥah. Kairo: Dār al-Naḥḍah al-‘Arābiyah, 1971.
Ḥasbullāh, ‘Alī. Uṣūl al-Tashrī’ al-Islāmī. V. Mesir: Dār al-Ma’ārif, 1976.
Hosen, Ibrahim. “Beberapa Catatan tentang Reaktualisasi Hukum Islam.” In Kontekstualisasi Ajaran Islam. Jakarta: Paramadina, 1993.
Johnston, David L. “A Turn in the Epistemology and Hermeneutics of Twentieth Century Uṣūl al-Fiqh on JSTOR.” Islamic Law and Society 11, no. 2 (2004): 233–82.
Khallāf, ‘Abd al-Wahhāb. ‘Ilm Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Kairo: Maktabah al-Dakwah al-Islāmiyyah, n.d.
———. Maṣādir al-Tashrī’ Fī Mā Lā Naṣṣa Fīh. Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam Li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzī’, 1994.
Mas’ud, Muḥammad Khālīd. Islamic Legal Philosophy: a Study of Abū Isḥāq al-Shāṭibī’s Life and Thought. Delhi: International Islamic Publisher, 1989.
Opwis, F. “Maṣlaḥa and The Purpose of The Law: Islamic discourse of Legal Change from The 4th/10th to 18th/14th Century.” In Studies in Islamic Law and Society, diedit oleh Bernard Weiss. Leiden: Brill, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004184169.i-370.
Rosyid, Maskur. Implementasi Konsep Maslahat al-Ṭūfī dalam Fatwa MUI (2005-2010). 1 ed. Magelang: Ngudi Ilmu, 2013.
Rosyid, Maskur, dan M. Nurul Irfan. “Reading Fatwas of MUI a Perspective of Maslahah Concept.” Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 19, no. 1 (2 Juni 2019): 91–117.
Ṣāliḥ, Muḥammad Adib. Maṣādir al-Tashrī’ al-Islāmī. Damaskus: Al-Maṭba’ah al-Ta’awuriyah, 1876.
Shalabī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā. Ta’līl al-Aḥkām . Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍah al-‘Arabiyah, 1981.
Shiddiqiey, M. Hasbi Ash. Falsafah Hukum Islam. Semarang: Pustaka Rizki Putra, 2001.
Siradj, Said Aqiel. Islam Kebangsaan Fiqh Demokratik Kaum Santri. Jakarta: Pustaka Ciganjur, 1999.
Sjadzali, Munawir. Bunga Rampai Wawasan Islam Dewasa Ini. Jakarta: UI Press, 1994.
Zahrah, Muḥammad Abū. Ibn Ḥanbal. Kairo: Dār al-Fikr al-’Arabī, n.d.
———. Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Kairo: Dār al-Fikr al-’Arabī, n.d.
Zayd, Muṣṭafā. Al-Maṣlaḥah fī al-Tashrī’ al-Islāmī wa Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī. Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arābī, 1954.
Zaydān, ‘Abd al-Karīm. Al-Wajīz fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh . Mu’assasah Qurṭubah, 1976.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
