War in Islamic Law: Muslim Jurists’ Theological Arguments for Its Obligation in Classical Literature.

Authors

  • Wardani Wardani Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari, Banjarmasin, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-8571
  • Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Araby Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
  • Norhidayat Norhidayat Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari, Banjarmasin, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v25i1.17880

Keywords:

dār al-Islam, dār al-kufr, jihād, fiqh al-jihād, theological argument

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the Ḥanafīyah, Shāfi`īyah, Mālikīyah, and Ḥanbalīyah jurists’ theological arguments to support the obligation of jihād as a permanent war against non-Muslim communities, from a comparative, epistemological, and historical context perspective. The courses of the this study are classical literature of Islamic law, and would be analyzed through Karl Mannheim’s theory of sociology of knowledge to identify social context concerning the relations between contexts and interest behind ideas, the relations between ideas and social structure, and social location and historical experiences. This article concludes that the theological arguments have similarities in the ultimate goal to build the ideal society to implement Islamic law properly and in the exclusive conception of disbelief (kufr) and polytheism (shirk), and have differences on jihād as a pillar of Islam and as a means for fortune seeking. Epistemologically, these arguments are based on the Qur`an, but then interpreted from an exclusive theological point of view for building an ideal Muslim society, implementing the idea of Islamic universalism, and influenced by the consciousness of the Prophet’s wars in history. This exclusive perspective of the classical Islamic law of war should be reconstructed systematically by removing its historical burdens of ideology and specific context and adjusting it based on the spirit of humanity.

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2025-08-23

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