Reactualization of Maslahat and Social Justice Principles in the Contextualization of Fiqh Zakat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v24i1.12909Keywords:
maslahat, social justice, contextualization, fiqh zakatAbstract
As a text, Muslims agree that zakat is a pillar and ritual of Islam that every Muslim is obligated to perform. Nevertheless, as a form of text-ritual, zakat will always be contextualized. He is always tied to the culture of the community where the zakat ritual is performed. That is, the implementation of zakat is very likely to vary, depending on how the meaning of zakat is interpreted and reinterpreted by local communities. The law of zakat is different from other laws of worship, because the nature of the law at this level is flexible, dynamic and elastic in accordance with the development and needs of society (mu'amalah ijtima'iyyah) which is based on normative passages that are general and zanniyyah. This paper seeks to analyze and find applicative ideas about the theory of maslahat and social justice in various concepts of contemporary scholarly thought to then be correlated with the formulation of the development of ijtihad zakat based on maslahat and justice. A number of relevant references are used as sources as well as material for conducting critical analysis with a qualitative descriptive approach so that it can be emphasized the building of ideas and strategic steps to make zakat an Islamic social system that not only touches the question of creed alone, but also the socio-economic welfare of the community as well as the great purpose of zakat sharia.References
Al-Jasshas. Ahkam al-Quran. Mesir: Al-Bahiyah, 2002.
al-Jauziyah, Ibnu al-Qayyȋm. I’lâm al-Muwaqi’in Rabb al-‘Alamîn. Beirut: Dâr al-Jayl, 1975.
al-Lakhîmî, Abû Ishâq al-Syatîbî Ibrâhîm bin Musa bin Muhammad. al-Muwâfaqât fî Ushû al-Ahkâm. Qahirah: Dâr al-Fadhîlah, 2010.
al-Mubârakfurî, Al-Imâm al-Hâfîzh Abî al-‘Alâ Muhammad bin Abdurrahmân Ibn Abd al-Rahmân. Tuhfâh al-Ahwâdzî bi Syarh Jami’u al-Tirmîdzî. Beirut: Dâr al-Kutub al-Ilmiah, t.t.
al-Qaradhawi, Yusuf. Hukum Zakat; Studi Komparatif Mengenai Status dan Filsafat Zakat Berdasarkan Quran dan Hadis. Disunting oleh Salman Harun dan dkk. Vol. Cet. IX. Jakarta: PT. Pustaka Litera AntarNusa, 2006.
al-Qardhawi, Yusuf. al-Ijtihad al-Mu’asir. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-Islami, 1998.
al-Qardhâwî, Yûsuf. Fiqh al-Zakât; Dirâsah Muqaranah li Ahkâmihâ wa Falsâfâtiha fî Dhaw-i al-Qur’an wa as-Sunnah. Beirut: Yayasan al-Risâlah, 1991.
al-Sais, Muhammad Ali. Tafsir Ayat al-Ahkam. Kuwait: Dar al-Fikr, 2021.
al-Suyuthi, Al-Imâm al-Jalâlu al-Din Abd al-Rahmân. al-Asybâh wa al-Nazhâ’ir fî Qawâ’id wa Furû’ Fiqh al-Syar’îyyah. Beirut: Dâr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1998.
al-Syâfi’î, Muhyi al-Sunnah Abû Muhammad al-Husain bin Mas’ûd bin Muhammad al-Fara’î al-Baghâwî. Syarh al-Sunnah. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-Islâmî, 1983.
al-Tirmidzî, Muhammad bin Isâ bin Surah bin Musâ al-Dhahâk. Al-Jâmi’ al-Shahîh Wa Huwa Sunan Tirmidzî. Kairo: Dâr al-Hadits, 2005.
Amar, Faozan. “Strategi Penghimpunan Zakat Profesi Pada Organisasi Pengelolaan Zakat Lazismu Berbasis Digital Fundraising.” Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka, 2023.
Anshor, Ahmad Muhtadi. “Bahth al-Masail Pengurus Wilayah Nadhatul Ulama (PWNU) Jawa Timur (Studi tentang Dinamika Bermazhab).” Kementrian Agama. Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel, 2011.
Azhara, Verina Salisa, dan Ateng Ruhendi. “Pelaksanaan Penentuan Nishab Zakat Profesi PNS Menurut Fatwa MUI No. 3 Tahun 2003 Di Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Ciamis.” Al-Muamalat: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah 7, no. 2 (2020): 11.
Aziz, M. Amin. “Sekitar Kemiskinan dan Keadilan dari Cendekiawan Kita Tentang Islam.” Dalam Sekitar Kemiskinan dan Keadilan dari Cendekiawan kita tentang Islam , disunting oleh dkk. Sri Edi Swasono. Jakarta: UI Pres, 1987.
Bukowski, Adam. “Social Role of Alms (Zakat) in Islamic Economies.” ’Annales Ethics in Economic Life 17, no. 4 (2014): 9.
Dahlan, Abdul Azis. Ensiklopedi Hukum Islam. Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve, 1996.
Didin Hafidhuddin. Zakat Dalam Perekonomian Modern . Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2002.
Emzaed, Ali Murtadho, Sidiq Aulia, Valencia Kirana Rosadhillah, dan Surya Sukti. “Restriction of Islamic Civil Society Participation: Genealogy of Zakat Legal Politics and Its Centralized Management in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Law 4, no. 2 (9 Agustus 2023): 148–71. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v4i2.1444.
Hadi, Muhammad. Problematika zakat profesi & solusinya: sebuah tinjauan sosiologi hukum Islam. Pustaka Pelajar, 2010.
Hakim, Budi Rahmat, Akhmad Wafi, Almejiem Aditya Wijaya, Nida Fitriani, dan Muhammad Noor Ridani. “Tinjauan Fikih Awlawiyah Terhadap Praktik Penyaluran Zakat Pada Baznas Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan.” Interdisciplinary Explorations in Research Journal 2, no. 2 (26 Mei 2024): 539–54. https://doi.org/10.62976/ierj.v2i2.493.
Hanifuddin, Iza, Nur Kasanah, dan Eficandra Eficandra. “Al-Qarḍ al-Ḥasan Program of Bankziska: Zakat Fund-Based Empowerment Model for Victims of Loan Sharks.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 23, no. 1 (6 Juni 2024): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i1.10799.
Haris, Gusnam. “Persentase Zakat Menurut Yusuf al-Qaradawi dan Urgensinya Bagi Penerapan Zakat Oleh Baznas Di Indonesia.” Kementrian Agama. UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2019.
Hasballah, Khairuddin, Dhaiful Mubarrak, dan Saddam Rassanjani. “Disparity in Judge Decisions in Resolving Rad Inheritance Disputes: Case Study at the Sharia Court in Banda Aceh City.” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 6, no. 2 (30 Desember 2023): 249–61. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i2.8612.
Helim, Abdul. Metodologi Penetapan Hukum Islam (Ushul Fiqh Praktis (1)). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2022.
Himawan, Anang Haris. “Refleksi Pemikiran Hukum Islam: Upaya Menangkap Makna dan Simbol Keagamaan.” Dalam Epistemologi Syara’: Mencari Format Baru Fiqh Indonesia, Cet. II. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar dan Walisongo Press, 2009.
Ibadi, Nur, dan Eja Armaz Hardi. “Is Human Trafficking’s Victim Receive Zakat as Riqab?: Zakat Distribution at East Java Philanthropic Organizations.” Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 22, no. 1 (30 Juni 2022): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v22i1.1210.
Idris, Safwan. Gerakan Zakat dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat; Pendekatan Transformatif. Jakarta: Citra Putra Bangsa, 1997.
Ilham, M. Ilham. “Prinsip Moral Tertinggi.” Rausyan Fikr: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Ushuluddin dan Filsafat 16, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.24239/rsy.v16i1.550.
Ilmi, Muhammad Bahrul. Politik Hukum Pengelolaan Zakat di Indonesia: Kajian Terhadap Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2011. Yogjakarta: Program Doktor Hukum Islam UII dan Mirra Buana Media, 2021.
Ilmie, Muhammad Bahrul, dan Abdul Ghafur Anshori. “The Political Law of Zakat Management in Indonesia.” Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran 20, no. 2 (21 Desember 2020): 175–86. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v20i2.4063.
Jamhar, Bazro. “Konsep Maslahat dan Aplikasinya dalam Penetapan Hukum Islam (Studi Pemikiran Ushûl Fiqh Sa’id Ramadhân al-Bûthi).” Kementrian Agama. IAIN Walisongo, 2012.
Jarir, Muhammad Ibnu. Jami’ u al-Bayan fi Ayy Ta’wil al-Quran Tafsir Ibnu Jarir at-Thobari. Mesir: Muasasah ar-Risalah, 2000.
Kamaruddin, Misbahuddin, Suprijati Sarib, dan Syamsul Darlis. “Cultural-Based Deviance on Islamic Law; Zakat Tekke Wale’ Spending in Basala, Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 18, no. 2 (2023): 568–90. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v18i2.10150.
Khoiri, Nispul. Metodologi Fikih Zakat Indonesia (Dari Kontekstualisasi Mazhab Hingga Maqasid al-Syariah). Bandung: Citapustaka Media, 2014.
Khotib, A Muhyiddin. Rekonstruksi Fikih Zakat: Telah Komprehensif Fikih Zakat Pendekatan Teoretis dan Metodologi. Batu: CV. Literasi Nusantara Abadi, 2019.
Mas’udi, Masdar Farid. Pajak itu Zakat: Uang Allah untuk Kemaslahatan Rakyat . Cet. I. Bandung: Mizan, 2010.
Miftaakhul Amri. “Implementasi Zakat Profesi (Studi Analisis Pelaksanaan Zakat Profesi Aparatur Sipil Negara di Baznas Kabupaten Banyumas Perspektif Sosiologi Hukum Islam).” Institut Agama Islam Negeri Purwokerto, 2019.
Muhsin, Abdullȃh bin Abdul. Ushûl al-Mazhab al-Imȃm Aħmad. Beirut: Dȃr al-Fikr, 1980.
Qadir, Abdurrahman. Zakat dalam Dimensi Ibadah Mahdhah dan Sosial. Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada, 2001.
Qal’âhjî, Muhammad Rawwâs. Mausûat Fiqh ‘Alî bin Abî Thâlib. Mesir: Dâr al-Fikr, 1983.
Refnita, Desi. “The Mustahik Zakat in Various Dimensions of Fiqh in Era Society 5.0.” El-Mashlahah 11, no. 1 (28 Juni 2021): 13–28. https://doi.org/10.23971/elma.v11i1.2285.
Sahhatih, Syauqi Ismail. Penerapan Zakat Dalam Bisnis Modern. Bandung: CV Pustaka Setia, 2007.
Shihab, Quraish. Wawasan al-Qur’an; Tafsir Maudhu’i atas Pelbagai Persoalan Umat. Bandung: Mizan, 2001.
Sugianto, Efendi. “Kesadaran Hukum Anggota Polri dalam Penerapan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Tentang Zakat Profesi di Kepolisian Daerah Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dan Kontribusinya dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan Masyarakat.” UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, 2023.
Sukarni. “Manajemen Dan Etika Pengelolaan Zakat Menurut Tinjauan Syariah.” Syariah Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 13, no. 1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.18592/syariah.v13i1.83.
Suparto, Suparto, Admiral Admiral, dan Deni Jaya Saputra. “Local Government Authority in The Field of Religion; A Study of Regional Regulation (Perda) on Zakat in Riau Province.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah 14, no. 2 (30 Desember 2022): 244–61. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v14i2.15322.
Syahbandir, Mahdi, Wais Alqarni, Syahrizal Abbas, Bukhari Ali, dan Fauzan Samad. “State and Islamic Law: A Study of Legal Politics on Zakat as a Tax Deduction in Aceh.” AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 22, no. 1 (2022): 24.
———. “State and Islamic Law: A Study of Legal Politics on Zakat as a Tax Deduction in Aceh.” AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 22, no. 1 (30 Juni 2022). https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/ahkam/article/view/26200.
Syaikhu, Syaikhu, Norwili Norwili, dan Rabiatul Adawiyah. “The Zakat Management Legal Conflict of the Prismatic Society in Central Kalimantan.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 25 November 2022, 209–22. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v16i2.6014.
Thohari, Ilham, dan Moh Makmun. “Reformasi Zakat Pertanian (Studi di Dusun Jeblok Desa Brudu kecamatan Sumobito kabupaten Jombang).” Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 19, no. 2 (31 Desember 2019): 185–203. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v19i2.185-203.
Waluyo. “Zakat Pertanian Perspektif Maqasid Syariah.” Kementrian Agama. UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2022.
Yafie, Ali. “Konsep Istihsan, Istishlah, Istishab, dan Mashlahat al-‘Ammah.” Dalam Kontekstualisasi Doktrin Islam dalam Sejarah , disunting oleh Budi Munawar Rahman. Jakarta: Yayasan Wakaf Paramadina, 1994.
———. Menggagas Fikih Sosial: Dari Soal Lingkungan Hidup, Asuransi Hingga Ukhuwah. Bandung: Mizan, 1995.
Yahya, Imam. “Zakat Management in Indonesia: A Legal Political Perspective.” Al-Ahkam 30, no. 2 (30 Oktober 2020): 195–214. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2020.30.2.6420.
Zahri, Mohd ‘Adli, Nurul Ilyana Muhd Adnan, Irfan Irfan, dan Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim. “Microfinancing from the Zakat Fund in Baitul Mal Aceh and the Readiness of Malaysia’s Asnaf Entreprenuers.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (31 Maret 2023): 418–30. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.16012.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Nafi, Budi Rahmat Hakim, Hidayatullah Hidayatullah, Herlinawati Herlinawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
