An In-Depth Examination of Judicial Interpretations of 'Radd' in Spousal Inheritance within the Religious Courts of Sampang and Tanjung

Abstract

Penetapan dan Putusan Pengadilan Agama Sampang dan Tanjung, merupakan dua sampel produk hukum yang mengadopsi teori Utsman dalam penyelesaiaan kasus radd. Yaitu sisa lebih harta warisan diberikan terhadap suami/istri pewaris yang selama ini tertolak oleh faraidh. Dua fakta hukumnya; anak perempuan menghijab saudara, dan radd diberikan kepada ahli waris sababiyah, tampaknya sudah jauh bergeser dari pendapat kelompok mayoritas. Atas dasar ini, tujuan penelitian yang diselaraskan dengan dua rumusan masalah, difokuskan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pertimbangan dan amar putusan, serta alasan hakim di dua Pengadilan Agama terkait suami/istri dalam kasus kewarisan radd.? Metode penelitian hukum normatif ini, menjadikan dua produk hukum tersebut sebagai bahan hukum primernya, yang dikumpulkan, diolah, dan dianalisis melalui survei kepustakaan dan studi literatur. Respon sejumlah pihak terkait, diperoleh melalui “open ended question” untuk melihat korelasinya. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa pada kasus kewarisan di PA. Sampang; Istri mendapat tambahan sisa lebih harta, dengan menjadikan 19 sebagai ashal masalah baru (Pasal 193 KHI). Sedang pada Putusan di PA. Tanjung, radd diberikan kepada suami, yaitu 1/6 saham yang seharusnya dibagi secara proporsional dengan ibu pewaris. Namun karena ada kesalahan teknis dalam metode perhitungannya, radd tidak dibagi secara berimbang sebagaimana gagasan Utsman. Kenyataan ini menunjukkan, bahwa pola pembagian berimbang dalam upaya penyelesaian kasus radd, perlu memperhatikan metode pemecahan kasus sebagaimana faraidh. Simpulan tulisan ini, sekaligus membedakan dengan beberapa temuan hasil penelitian terdahulu yang hanya melihat permasalahan radd berdasarkan konsep faraidh, atau Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) saja.The Determination and Decision of the Sampang and Tanjung Religious Courts are two samples of legal products that adopt Uthman's theory in resolving radd cases. That is, the remaining inheritance is given to the husband/wife of the heir who has been rejected by faraidh. The two legal facts; daughters veil brothers, and radd is given to sababiyah heirs, seem to have shifted considerably from the opinion of the majority group. On this basis, the research objectives, which are aligned with the two problem formulations, are focused on finding out how the considerations and rulings, as well as the reasons for judges in the two Religious Courts related to husband/wife in radd inheritance cases? This normative legal research method makes the two legal products as primary legal materials, which are collected, processed, and analyzed through literature surveys and literature studies. The responses of a number of related parties were obtained through an "open ended question" to see the correlation. The research findings show that in the case of inheritance in PA. Sampang; The wife gets additional remaining assets, by making 19 as a new problem (Article 193 KHI). While in the decision in PA. Tanjung, radd is given to the husband, namely 1/6 share which should be divided proportionally with the mother of the heir. However, due to a technical error in the calculation method, the radd was not divided equally as Uthman's idea. This fact shows that the pattern of balanced distribution in an effort to resolve radd cases, needs to pay attention to the method of solving cases as faraidh. The conclusion of this paper also distinguishes it from the findings of previous studies that only looked at radd issues based on the concept of faraidh, or the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI).