Suara dari Alam Kubur: Mati Jadi Hantu dan Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan di Kalimantan Selatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/muadalah.v12i2.15524Abstract
The incidence of violence against women in South Kalimantan has significantly increased, from 531 cases in 2023 to 655 cases in 2024. Amid these rising numbers, a cultural narrative surrounding urang mati jadi hantu (the dead becoming ghosts) often emerges in connection with the deaths of women victims of violence. This study explores the relationship between supernatural beliefs and violence against women in Banjar society, focusing on the use of mystical practices by victims as a form of self-defense, analyzed through the lens of the Learned Helplessness theory. Using Spradley’s ethnographic method, the research was conducted across six regions in South Kalimantan, involving informants familiar with the phenomenon. The findings reveal four patterns in the use of mystical practices: to protect against social stigma, respond to physical violence, manage verbal abuse, and prevent marital infidelity. The analysis, framed by the Learned Helplessness theory, suggests that reliance on mystical practices reflects victims' powerlessness and the inadequacies of formal protection systems. Rather than alleviating their situation, these practices exacerbate it by perpetuating social stigma, even after the victim’s death. The study concludes that more effective protection systems are needed, ones that balance cultural sensitivities with concrete legal and psychosocial interventions in addressing violence against women. Keywords: Banjar; Ghost; Violence; WomenReferences
Alfani, D. (1997). Islam dan Masyarakat banjar: deskripsi dan analisa kebudayaan banjar. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Balai Bahasa Banjarmasin (Indonesia) (Ed.). (2006). Pamali Banjar. Balai Bahasa Banjarmasin, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
Daily, A. (2018). Kekerabatan dan interaksi simbolik bidan kampung dengan urang halus dalam masyarakat Banjar. Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora, 16(2), 227–248. https://doi.org/10.18592/khazanah.v16i2.2199
Ideham, S., Djohansyah, D., Kawi, D., Sjarifuddin, Seman, S., Gazali Usman, A., Sanderta, B., Arijadi, A., Arifin Anis, Z., Mugeni, M., Kasnowihardjo, G., Hadijah, S., & Triatno, A. (2007). Urang Banjar dan kebudayaannya (2nd ed.). Balitbangda Provinsi Kalsel & Pustaka Banua.
Idwar Saleh, M., Suryadikara, F., Koroh, A. A., & Sjarifuddin, S. (1991). Adat istiadat dan upacara perkawinan daerah Kalimantan Selatan. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Jamiah, H. (2021). Analisis konstruksi sosial dalam pemaknaan tradisi lisan budaya pamali masyarakat Banjar. ISoLEC Proceedings, 5(1), Article 1.
Lubis, H., Khairunniza, R., Syam, I. D. K., Diba, N. Z., & Renaldy, M. (2019). Mamidarai sebagai kepercayaan dalam penyembuhan penyakit keteguran makhluk halus. Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi, 6(2), 32. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v6i2.2374
Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1976). Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105(1), 3–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.3.
Mursalin, M. (2015). Kepercayaan buaya gaib dalam perspektif urang Banjar Batang Banyu di sungai Tabalong. Jurnal Socius, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.20527/jurnalsocius.v4i2.3317.
Nasrullah, N. (2018). Hantu di tengah keramaian kota Banjarmasin. Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 16(1), 23–48. https://doi.org/10.18592/khazanah.v16i1.2154
Norhaliza, Mahliati, S., Liyanti, N., Yurida, M. R., Rahmah, N. S. D., & Efendy, N. (2024). Analisis faktor penyebab dan dampak pernikahan dini dan pernikahan siri (studi kasus di desa Lok Bontar, kecamatan Haruyan, kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah Kalimantan Selatan). Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory, 2(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.62976/ijijel.v2i3.702
Rahmadi, R. (2020). Agama dan budaya masyarakat Banjar: Ikhtisar tematis hasil penelitian agama dan lokalitas. Zahir Publishing. https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/20779/
Saleh, M. I., Asnawi, A., Koroh, A. A., Yustian, D., & Syah, Y. (1977). Sejarah daerah Kalimantan Selatan. Pusat Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Saleh, M. I., Effendi, S., A. Koroh, A., Noor, T., & Thaberani, A. (1980). Adat istiadat Kalimantan Selatan [Laporan Penelitian]. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Sari, M. P., Wijaya, A. K., Hidayatullah, B., Sirodj, R. A., & Afgani, M. W. (2023). Penggunaan Metode Etnografi dalam Penelitian Sosial. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Komputer, 3(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.47709/jpsk.v3i01.1956
SIMFONI-PPA. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2, 2025, from https://kekerasan.kemenpppa.go.id/ringkasan
Spradley, J. P. (1979). The ethnographic interview. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Spradley, J. P. (1997). Metode etnografi. Tiara Wacana Yogya.
Sulaeman, R., Sari, N. M. W. P. F., Purnamawati, D., & Sukmawati, S. (2022). Faktor penyebab kekerasan pada perempuan. Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal, 8(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.37905/aksara.8.3.2311-2320.2022
Urahmah, N. (2022). Analisis mistik hantu perempuan dalam novel Ibuku Malang Ibuku Kuyang karya Nurul Karimah. Muadalah, 10(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.18592/muadalah.v10i1.7447
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mursalin Mursalin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.