Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora

AESTHETIC DISENSUS: JAVANESE ISLAMIC AESTHETICS AND POLITICAL SUBVERSION IN BABAD TANAH JAWI

Achmad Fawaid — 2024-07-31

This study uses the framework of aesthetic politics to analyze Javanese Islam as depicted in Babad Tanah Jawi, challenging colonial misconceptions about Javanese Islam while offering new perspectives on religious and cultural dynamics in Java. By critiquing colonial myths, this study highlights the unique heterogeneity of Javanese Islam in its various everyday practices, contrasting Western essentializations with the local particularities depicted in the manuscript. Based on Rancière's concept of aesthetic politics, this research employs critical discourse analysis to explore how Javanese Islam is not only theoretical but also practical and performative, critiquing Western views that overlook the dynamic nature of Islam itself. Emphasizing disensus and disagreement within Javanese Islamic traditions, this analysis rejects the essentialization of Islam, presenting it as a flexible practice that defies easy categorization into a single identity. This study also underscores how Javanese Islamic practices challenge Orientalist interpretations by integrating local Javanese perspectives on one hand and rejecting Western essentialist classifications on the other. The implication of this research is the need to reevaluate Javanese Islam through various literary texts, not to render it as unreliable text, but rather to place it as the subjective aesthetic choice of the author in questioning the colonial narratives that have long prevailed in the historiography of Javanese Islam.

THE NYADRAN TRADITION AND THE CHANGING ROLES OF JAVANESE TRANSMIGRANT WOMEN

Elza Ramona — 2024-07-31

The Nyadran tradition has become an important part of the life of the Javanese transmigrant community. Through the Nyadran tradition, Javanese transmigrant women can establish relationships, both with God, with nature as their place of residence, and with fellow human beings. By using the concept of Gender as an analytical tool, this study aims to see how the Nyadran tradition rituals are carried out by the Javanese transmigrant community, and to see how the role of women is in the Nyadran tradition rituals. In this study used a qualitative-descriptive method with unstructured interview data collection techniques. Data collection was also carried out by tracing the literature on the Nyadran tradition, both in the form of books and journal articles. The results showed that the Nyadran tradition was carried out by the Javanese transmigrant community every year, 10 days before the arrival of the month of Ramadan. This tradition is carried out by visiting the tombs or visiting the graves of the ancestors, tahlilan, listening to religious lectures, and feasting or eating together. In practice, women's roles are still found in the domestic sphere. Starting from providing various types of flowers and water, bringing yasin books and mats, and preparing ubarampe or various types of cakes and rice along with side dishes. Women are also subordinated by not being given the opportunity to deliver religious lectures. Through the delivery of religious interpretations, women are also subordinated and become a form of stereotype and shows that the patriarchal culture is still strong in the Javanese transmigrant community.

FENOMENA HIJRAH DI KALANGAN GENERASI MILENIAL PERGURUAN TINGGI UMUM

Wardani Wardani — 2024-09-25

This article aims to analyze the hijrah phenomenon among millennial generations which are university students at Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (ULM), Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, focusing on three main issues. First, the religious conversion which is caused by factors. Second, their justification for it by ways of understanding related Quranic verses concerning four issues: the hijrah as a prerequisite of the true belief in Islam, the relation between the hijrah and jihād (warfare), the lawfulness or unlawfulness of an unbeliever’s leadership, and the merits of the hijrah and jihād. Third, psychological, sociological, economic, and religious backgrounds behind this phenomenon and its justification through understanding some Qur`anic texts. Employing a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods and applying Heirich’s religious conversion theory of this phenomenon and Wolfgang Iser’s reception theory of the exegesis of the sacred texts, it concluded as follows. First, the hijrah has been done for reasons, namely theologically believed in God’s guidance, education, and psychological factors. Second, about 60-70% of them agree with the commonly understood among Muslim interpreters concerning the interpretation of verses on these four issues. Third, in responding to three main Quranic verses frequently used on the internet for the propagation of the hijrah, their understanding of verses tends to use rational technics of interpretation (ra’y), such as analogical reasoning rather than revelatory ones (sacred text, riwāyah). They also apply theological, legal, and spiritual “paradigms of interpretation”, and even sometimes interpret verses applying a holistic view of Islamic teachings.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena hijrah di kalangan generasi milenial mahasiswa Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (ULM), Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan, dengan fokus pada tiga permasalahan utama. Pertama, keberadaan hijrah sebagai fenomena konversi keagamaan yang disebabkan oleh sejumlah faktor tertentu. Kedua, pembenarannya melalui pemahaman terhadap ayat-ayat al-Quran terkait mengenai empat hal: hijrah sebagai syarat keimanan yang benar, hubungan antara hijrah dan jihād (perang), sah atau tidaknya kepemimpinan orang kafir, dan keutamaan hijrah dan jihād. Ketiga, latar belakang psikologis, sosiologis, psikologis, dan religius di balik fenomena berhijrah dan pemahaman atas teks-teks ayat itu. Dengan menggunakan gabungan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif serta menerapkan teori konversi keagamaan dari Heirich mengenai fenomena ini dan teori resepsi Wolfgang Iser mengenai penafsiran teks-teks suci, penelitian ini menyimpulkan sebagai berikut. Pertama, hijrah dilakukan karena empat alasan, yaitu faktor yang diyakini secara teologis sebagai hidayah Tuhan, faktor pendidikan, dan faktor psikologis. Kedua, sekitar 60-70% dari mereka setuju dengan pemahaman umum di kalangan penafsir Muslim mengenai penafsiran ayat-ayat pada empat persoalan tersebut di atas. Ketiga, menyikapi tiga ayat utama Al-Qur’an yang sering digunakan di internet untuk dakwah hijrah, pemahaman mereka terhadap ayat-ayat tersebut cenderung menggunakan sumber-sumber teknis yang rasional (ra’y), misalnya penalaran analogis dibandingkan dengan wahyu (teks suci, riwāyah). Selain itu, mereka menerapkan “paradigma penafsiran” yang bersifat teologis, hukum, dan spiritual, bahkan terkadang mereka menafsirkan ayat-ayat dengan menerapkan pandangan holistik terhadap ajaran Islam.

GROUNDING MORAL MODERATION IN ADDRESSING THE EROSION OF SOCIAL VALUES

Akmal Bashori — 2024-07-31

This article examines the phenomenon of moral erosion in modern society, influenced by globalization, technological advancements, and demographic changes, which contribute to the rise of crime, corruption, and the degradation of social trust. Employing a qualitative research approach based on the theory of Maqāṣid al-sharīʿah and a literature review, this study proposes moral moderation as a crucial strategy for restoring and strengthening social values, particularly in multicultural societies. The findings reveal that moral erosion is marked by a decline in the application of social norms, driven by factors such as globalization and economic disparities, which complicate the integration of values within society. Moral moderation is proposed as a response to balance behavior and prevent extremism, and it is essential in cultivating wise and responsible character. This concept is also relevant in educational and workplace settings, supporting the principles of Maqāṣid al-sharīʿah in safeguarding vital human aspects. The article also explores the relationship between moral moderation and religious moderation in Indonesia, emphasizing the importance of balance and respect for diversity to create a harmonious and tolerant society. This research provides academic contributions and practical recommendations for policymakers and educators to strengthen morality in modern society.

PUNCHLINE TWEETS: NEGOTIATING RELIGIOUS MODERATION ON INDONESIAN SOCIAL MEDIA

Muhammad Thohir — 2024-11-16

When a statement enters the public domain such as social media, it will have many implications for the discourse and critical context that accompany it. Likewise, with debates on social media Twitter that intersect with religious understanding such as radicalism, there are funny line accounts present that try to break the high tension of cyber warfare. This study aims to describe how Twitter accounts openly negotiate the educational values of religious moderation on social media. By using a web-based social phenomenology approach, this study uses a qualitative descriptive method. Twitter account @NUgarislucu was chosen as the data source and data was collected through online documentation. While the analysis uses critical discourse analysis from Teun A. van. Dijk. The results reveal that punchline tweets have been used to negotiate educational values of religious moderation through the integrated priciples of tawassuth, tasâmuh, and tawâzun. Negotiations were carried out with various themes, including (1) religious conversion, (2) religion and suicide bombings, (3) religion and political identity, (4) religion and the political order of the khilāfah., and (5) religion and nationalism. Thus, the findings reinforce the notion that the delivery of religious content which is often considered heavy and boring is more acceptable to netizens through humor.