FENOMENA HIJRAH DI KALANGAN GENERASI MILENIAL PERGURUAN TINGGI UMUM
KONVERSI KEAGAMAAN DAN PEMAHAMAN AYAT-AYATNYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/khazanah.v22i1.13735Keywords:
Background, Hijrah, Interpretation, Quranic Verses, Religious Conversion, ReceptionAbstract
This article aims to analyze the hijrah phenomenon among millennial generations which are university students at Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (ULM), Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, focusing on three main issues. First, the religious conversion which is caused by factors. Second, their justification for it by ways of understanding related Quranic verses concerning four issues: the hijrah as a prerequisite of the true belief in Islam, the relation between the hijrah and jihād (warfare), the lawfulness or unlawfulness of an unbeliever’s leadership, and the merits of the hijrah and jihād. Third, psychological, sociological, economic, and religious backgrounds behind this phenomenon and its justification through understanding some Qur`anic texts. Employing a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods and applying Heirich’s religious conversion theory of this phenomenon and Wolfgang Iser’s reception theory of the exegesis of the sacred texts, it concluded as follows. First, the hijrah has been done for reasons, namely theologically believed in God’s guidance, education, and psychological factors. Second, about 60-70% of them agree with the commonly understood among Muslim interpreters concerning the interpretation of verses on these four issues. Third, in responding to three main Quranic verses frequently used on the internet for the propagation of the hijrah, their understanding of verses tends to use rational technics of interpretation (ra’y), such as analogical reasoning rather than revelatory ones (sacred text, riwāyah). They also apply theological, legal, and spiritual “paradigms of interpretation”, and even sometimes interpret verses applying a holistic view of Islamic teachings. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena hijrah di kalangan generasi milenial mahasiswa Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (ULM), Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan, dengan fokus pada tiga permasalahan utama. Pertama, keberadaan hijrah sebagai fenomena konversi keagamaan yang disebabkan oleh sejumlah faktor tertentu. Kedua, pembenarannya melalui pemahaman terhadap ayat-ayat al-Quran terkait mengenai empat hal: hijrah sebagai syarat keimanan yang benar, hubungan antara hijrah dan jihād (perang), sah atau tidaknya kepemimpinan orang kafir, dan keutamaan hijrah dan jihād. Ketiga, latar belakang psikologis, sosiologis, psikologis, dan religius di balik fenomena berhijrah dan pemahaman atas teks-teks ayat itu. Dengan menggunakan gabungan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif serta menerapkan teori konversi keagamaan dari Heirich mengenai fenomena ini dan teori resepsi Wolfgang Iser mengenai penafsiran teks-teks suci, penelitian ini menyimpulkan sebagai berikut. Pertama, hijrah dilakukan karena empat alasan, yaitu faktor yang diyakini secara teologis sebagai hidayah Tuhan, faktor pendidikan, dan faktor psikologis. Kedua, sekitar 60-70% dari mereka setuju dengan pemahaman umum di kalangan penafsir Muslim mengenai penafsiran ayat-ayat pada empat persoalan tersebut di atas. Ketiga, menyikapi tiga ayat utama Al-Qur’an yang sering digunakan di internet untuk dakwah hijrah, pemahaman mereka terhadap ayat-ayat tersebut cenderung menggunakan sumber-sumber teknis yang rasional (ra’y), misalnya penalaran analogis dibandingkan dengan wahyu (teks suci, riwāyah). Selain itu, mereka menerapkan “paradigma penafsiran” yang bersifat teologis, hukum, dan spiritual, bahkan terkadang mereka menafsirkan ayat-ayat dengan menerapkan pandangan holistik terhadap ajaran Islam.References
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Otto, Rudolf. The Idea of the Holy: an Inquiry into the Non-rational Factor in the Idea of the Divine and Its Relation to the Rational. Diterjemahkan oleh John W. Harvey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1950.
Saifuddin dan Bashori. “Jihad Populer (Popular Jihad) dan Penggunaan Ayat-ayat Al-Qur`an di Internet: Perspektif Tafsir dan Analisis Wacana Kritis.” Laporan Penelitian (tidak diterbitkan). Banjarmasin: LP2M UIN Antasari, 2021.
Saputra, Rangga Eka. Convey Report, Api dalam Sekam: Keberagamaan Generasi Z. Vol. 1. No. 1. Jakarta: PPIM UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2018.
Setiawati, Kurnia. “Hijrah Baru di Kalangan Anak Muda antara Keshalehan dan Gaya Hidup.” Skripsi, UIN Ar-Raniry, 2019. http://library.ar-raniry.ac.id/.
Wardani. Ayat Pedang Versus Ayat-ayat Damai: Menafsir Ulang Teori Naskh dalam Al-Qur`an. Yogyakarta: Zahir Publishing, 2020.
Wikipedia. “Inferiority Complex.” Dalam Wikipedia, 23 Juli 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inferiority_complex&oldid=1236276048.
Zelin, Aaron Y., dan Richard Borow Fellow. “The State of Global Jihad Online: A Qualitative, Quantitative, and Cross-Lingual Analysis.” New America Foundation, 2013. https://static.newamerica.org/ attachments/4360-the-state-of-global-jihad-online/Zelin_Global %20Jihad%20Online_NAF.453b75377e4f4588bac20fa7e57a9a8a.pdf.
Daftar Pustaka
Anonim. “Arti dan Makna Hijrah Menurut Pandangan Islam,” 16 November 2021. https://kumparan.com/berita-hari-ini/arti-dan-makna-hijrah-menurut-pandangan-islam-1wvJ9nlS8Xc.
Asad, Muhammad. The Message of the Qur`an. Gibraltar: Dār al-Andalus, 1980.
Cahyaningtyas, Kania, Syamsu Yusuf, Nadia Aulia Nadhirah, dan Irfan Fahriza. “Inferiority Complex Pada Mahasiswa.” Journal of Education and Counseling (JECO) 1, no. 1 (4 Juni 2020): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.32627/jeco.v1i1.31.
Coneys, Matthew. “Travel Writing, Reception Theory and the History of Reading: Reconsidering the Late Middle Ages.” Studies in Travel Writing 22, no. 4 (2 Oktober 2018): 353–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645145.2019.1612148.
Febiyana. “Tren Hijrah di Kalangan Anak Muda, Ini Temuan Riset PPIM,” 1 Februari 2021. https://ppim.uinjkt.ac.id/2021/ 02/01/tren-hijrah-di-kalangan-anak-muda-ini-temuan-riset-ppim /.
Firmanto, Heri. “Konversi Agama (Studi Kasus tentang Faktor-Faktor Penyebab dan Dampak Sosial Perpindahan Agama dari Hindu Ke Kristen Protestan di Bukitsari, Bali).” Thesis, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, 2012. https://repository.uksw.edu/ /handle/123456789/2973.
Fuad, Bakhrul. “Fenomena Hijrah di Kalangan Mahasiswa Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.” Skripsi, UIN Sunan Ampel, 2019.
Hasanah, Noor. “Hijrah Palsu,” 21 Agustus 2020. https://www.uin-antasari.ac.id/hijrah-palsu/.
Hasyim, Syafiq. “Makna Hijrah dalam Islam yang Sebenarnya Saat Ini.” gaya hidup, 4 April 2022. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20220330125419-289-777897/makna-hijrah-dalam-islam-yang-sebenarnya-saat-ini.
Holub, Robert C. “Constance School of Reception Aesthetics [Reception Theory].” Dalam Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms, disunting oleh Irena Makaryk, 14–18. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442674417-006.
Hussain, Ghaffar, dan Erin Marie Saltman. Jihad Trending: A Comprehensive Analysis of Online Extremism and How to Counter It. London: Quilliam, 2014.
Ilmi, Miftahul. “Fenomena Hijrah Milenial, Jangan Sekadar Tren dan Instan.” Diakses 29 September 2022. https://lazismumojokerto.org/2022/07/05/fenomena-hijrah-milenial-jangan-sekadar-tren-dan-instan/.
Jesi, Purwandani. “Fenomena Hijrah Di Kalangan Milenial: Studi Atas Mahasiswa UIN Raden Intan Lampung.” Skripsi, UIN Raden Intan, 2022. http://repository.radenintan.ac.id/19318/.
Khelghat-Doost, Hamoon. “Women of the Islamic State: The Evolving Role of Women in Jihad.” Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses 8, no. 9 (2016): 21–26.
Kvakhadze, Aleksandre. “Gender and Jihad: Women from the Caucasus in the Syrian Conflict.” Perspectives on Terrorism 14, no. 2 (2020): 69–79.
Mianoki, Adika. “Makna dan Hukum Seputar Hijrah,” 21 Oktober 2021. https://muslim.or.id/69586-makna-dan-hukum-seputar-hijrah.html.
Mulyani, Sri, dan Agus Ari Afandi. “Hubungan Kegagalan Cinta Dengan Terjadinya Kejadian Depresi Pada Remaja (Suatu Studi Kelas Sebelas Di SMAN 3 Bojonegoro).” Asuhan Kesehatan : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kebidanan Dan Keperawatan 7, no. 2 (10 Maret 2016). https://ejournal.rajekwesi.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-penelitian-kesehatan/article/view/133.
Mustinda, Lusiana. “Hijrah dan Makna Sebenarnya dalam Islam,” 19 Maret 2021. https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-5499777/hijrah-dan-makna-sebenarnya-dalam-islam.
Nugraha, Risris Hari, Muhamad Parhan, dan Aghnia Aghnia. “Motivasi Hijrah Milenial Muslim Perkotaan Melalui Dakwah Digital.” Muharrik: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Sosial 3, no. 02 (3 September 2020): 175–94. https://doi.org/10.37680/muharrik.v3i02.398.
Nuryadin. “Keberagamaan Mahasiswa Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (Perspektif Sosiologi dan Antropologi).” Disertasi, UIN Antasari, 2021.
Omari, Haneen. “Reception Theory: Resurrecting the Reader.” Dalam Echoes: Further Reflections on Language and Literature, disunting oleh Magali Sperling Beck. Florianópolis: Catalogação na fonte pela Biblioteca Universitária da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2016.
Otto, Rudolf. The Idea of the Holy: an Inquiry into the Non-rational Factor in the Idea of the Divine and Its Relation to the Rational. Diterjemahkan oleh John W. Harvey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1950.
Saifuddin dan Bashori. “Jihad Populer (Popular Jihad) dan Penggunaan Ayat-ayat Al-Qur`an di Internet: Perspektif Tafsir dan Analisis Wacana Kritis.” Laporan Penelitian (tidak diterbitkan). Banjarmasin: LP2M UIN Antasari, 2021.
Saputra, Rangga Eka. Convey Report, Api dalam Sekam: Keberagamaan Generasi Z. Vol. 1. No. 1. Jakarta: PPIM UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2018.
Setiawati, Kurnia. “Hijrah Baru di Kalangan Anak Muda antara Keshalehan dan Gaya Hidup.” Skripsi, UIN Ar-Raniry, 2019. http://library.ar-raniry.ac.id/.
Wardani. Ayat Pedang Versus Ayat-ayat Damai: Menafsir Ulang Teori Naskh dalam Al-Qur`an. Yogyakarta: Zahir Publishing, 2020.
Wikipedia. “Inferiority Complex.” Dalam Wikipedia, 23 Juli 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inferiority_complex&oldid=1236276048.
Zelin, Aaron Y., dan Richard Borow Fellow. “The State of Global Jihad Online: A Qualitative, Quantitative, and Cross-Lingual Analysis.” New America Foundation, 2013. https://static.newamerica.org/ attachments/4360-the-state-of-global-jihad-online/Zelin_Global %20Jihad%20Online_NAF.453b75377e4f4588bac20fa7e57a9a8a.pdf.
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