JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC AND LAW STUDIES

Profil Kehidupan Rumah Tangga Pernikahan pada Usia Dewasa Madya (Studi Kasus di Kota Banjarmasin)

Saila Salsabila — 2024-12-11

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya temuan awal bahwa orientasi untuk melangsungkan pernikahan tidak hanya sekedar untuk mendapatkan keturunan, terutama bagi pasangan yang menikah di usia dewasa madya. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk mengetahui bagaimana profil kehidupan rumah tangga serta orientasi tujuan hidup pasangan yang menikah pada usia dewasa madya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan profil kehidupan rumah tangga pernikahan dan orientasi tujuan hidup pasangan yang menikah pada usia dewasa madya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris sehingga peneliti terjun langsung ke lapangan (field research) dan berupaya mendeskripsikan berbagai fenomena pernikahan pada usia dewasa madya di Kota Banjarmasin, yakni di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara dan Kecamatan Banjarmasin Barat. Penelitian digali dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui beberapa teknik atau kombinasi dari wawancara (interview) dengan lima pasangan yang salah satu atau keduanya berusia dewasa madya ketika melangsungkan pernikahan serta observasi atau pengamatan terhadap kediaman dan respon informan terhadap kasus yang sedang diteliti. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usia bukanlah penghalang bagi individu pasangan yang memutuskan untuk menikah ketika berusia dewasa madya. Terdapat dua kasus di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Utara dan tiga kasus di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Barat. Peneliti menemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan profil kehidupan rumah tangga pasangan yang meliputi empat hal yakni usia menikah, status pernikahan, pendidikan dan pekerjaan. Orientasi tujuan hidup pasangan usia dewasa madya meliputi enam aspek yakni aspek keuangan atau finansial, aspek kesehatan dan kesejahteraan, aspek mendapat rasa tenteram dan kebersamaan, aspek mendapatkan status perkawinan, aspek persiapan untuk masa pensiun dan aspek membangun keluarga besar yang bahagia. Keharmonisan pasangan yang menikah di usia tersebut akan terjalin dengan baik dengan adanya pemahaman yang baik terhadap hak dan kewajiban suami isteri serta faktor kesamaan pandangan terhadap orientasi atau tujuan dari pernikahan.

The Period of Mafqud According to Hukum Syara’ and the Sharia Law Act in Brunei Darussalam

Nor Sabrina binti Ratna — 2024-12-11

A mafqud is a person who has been missing from their original location for a long period, during which news about them has ceased, and their whereabouts are unknown. The occurrence of a mafqud leads to several issues, especially in managing property and the status of the abandoned wife. This is because, if it is proven that the mafqud has passed away, their heirs are entitled to inherit their property according to the distribution of faraidh according to hukum syara’, and it also allows the wife of the mafqud to remarry. Therefore, this study aims to explore the period of mafqud according to hukum syara’, along with the implementation of the act that has been enacted by Sharia legislation in Brunei Darussalam. The research methodology employed is descriptive qualitative, using content analysis as the analytical method. The analysis is conducted by examining secondary data, particularly legal acts, writings, journals, and articles. Additionally, library methods are used, sourcing from Islamic jurisprudence books, seminar papers, and reputable websites. According to the findings, the implementation of Brunei's Sharia law does not specify the period for managing the property of a mafqud, but only states the period for the wife believed to have been abandoned by her mafqud husband to remarry. Scholars unanimously state that the period of mafqud is based on the ijtihad (juridical reasoning) of the judge. The effectiveness of the implementation of the law, especially Sharia law, plays a crucial role in enhancing the development of mafqud management in Brunei Darussalam based on Islamic legal principles.

Analisis Penegakan Hukum dan HAM terhadap Korban Kekerasan Seksual pada Perempuan dan Anak sebagai Kelompok Rentan

Rafif Fadhail Nabih — 2024-12-14

Perempuan dan anak sebagai kelompok rentan kerapkali menjadi korban kekerasan seksual. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konsep dan kasus bertujuan untuk membahas penegakan hukum dan hak asasi manusia terhadap korban kekerasan seksual pada perempuan dan anak. Dengan dibentuknya Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual yang diresmikan oleh Presiden Joko Widodo pada tanggal 9 Mei 2022, membawa angin segar bagi penegakan hukum dan HAM bagi korban kekerasan seksual. Oleh sebab itu, segala bentuk korban kekerasan seksual haruslah mendapatkan perlindungan, hal ini merupakan hak kebebasan dan keamanan bagi setiap individu. Perlindungan hukum atas yang dialami korban kekerasan seksual merupakan bagian dari HAM atas rasa kemanusiaan dan keadilan. Oleh sebab itu komnas perempuan dan Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI) mempunyai peran penting dalam hal pencegahan dan penanganan kasus kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dan anak.

The Role of Indonesian Muslim Student Action Unit (KAMMI) as Election Monitors in Improving Supervisory Integrity in the 2019 General Election in the City of Banjarmasin

Alfikri — 2024-12-16

This research was conducted in Banjarmasin City against the backdrop of the large number of election violations and the large number of polling stations that must be monitored in the 2019 elections in Banjarmasin City. KAMMI as an election monitor involves itself in this supervision so that the election runs in accordance with the principles of the election. Election monitors can detect potential violations, provide confidence to the public regarding the validity of the results, and encourage accountability of election organizers. The existence of election monitors is also a form of social control that helps strengthen the foundations of democracy and increase active citizen participation in elections. This study aims to determine the role of the Indonesian Muslim Student Action Unit (KAMMI) as an election monitor in improving the integrity of supervision in the 2019 elections in Banjarmasin City, then to find out how the obstacles were faced. The type of research used is field research, by examining the circumstances and phenomena more clearly about the situation that occurs in the field. The research approach is a qualitative approach with qualitative descriptive methods. Data sources are informants totaling 9 people and documentation. Analysis of the results of this study was carried out by analyzing the data collected and presented in the form of descriptive descriptions. Then the researcher makes a conclusion and recommendation on the research results. The results showed that KAMMI played an adequate role as an extension of Bawaslu in monitoring the 2019 elections in Banjarmasin City. KAMMI carries out its duties according to the rules and code of ethics, is neutral, provides education to the public, and supports the participation of persons with disabilities. KAMMI faces obstacles in monitoring the 2019 elections in Banjarmasin City, including limited number of members, unstructured programs, and limited funds. Other internal factors include the focus of monitoring only on election day. External constraints include a lack of cooperation with Bawaslu Banjarmasin City, a lack of coordination between South Kalimantan Province Bawaslu and Banjarmasin City Bawaslu, and an unstructured coordination schedule. Despite the obstacles, KAMMI managed to improve the integrity of election monitoring. KAMMI's involvement as a political monitor can be a motivation for other institutions, although improvements are needed to overcome obstacles in the future.

The Judge's Perception of the Meaning of a Wife Not Being Able to Perform Obligations Under the Requirements of Polygam, a Study in the Amuntai

Umi Kalsum — 2024-12-16

This research is motivated by the existence ofArticle 4 paragraph (2)Marriage Law Number 1 of 1974 in conjunction with Law Number 16 of 2019, namely that the wife cannot carry out her obligations as a wife, the wife has a disability or disease athat scannot be cured and the wife cannot give birth to offspring. Regarding the first condition, the law does not explain further or provide clear boundaries regarding what is included in a wife's obligations. Therefore, the judge, as a person who has authority and plays a role in granting or not granting permission for polygamy, can provide or clarify any obligations borne by the wife that cannot be carried out by the wife so that a husband can be given permission to practice polygamy. This research aims to find out the judge's perception in giving the meaning that the wife cannot carry out the obligations stated in the requirements for polygamy and the reasons used by the judge in giving the meaning that the wife cannot carry out the obligations. This research is empirical legal research with a qualitative and descriptive approach. This research was located at the Amuntai Religious Court. Data collection techniques are through observation, interviews and documentation with data sources namely informants from the Amuntai Class 1B Religious Court Judges.

Based on the results of research conducted by the author, the meaning of a wife not being able to carry out her obligations under the requirements of polygamy is firstly, the judge in giving the meaning of a wife not being able to carry out her obligations focuses more on the benefit by looking at the facts in the trial, and secondly, the meaning of a wife not being able to carry out her obligations is the inability to carry out her obligations. Inner livelihood is caused by physical, psychological and age factors. The reason used by the judge is that judges cannot be fixated on the law, so that when adjudicating a case they need to pay attention to aspects of justice and benefit, and the next reason is because spiritual support is an absolute obligation of a wife.

Hukum Meminum Urine Unta yang Bercampur dengan Air Susu Unta sebagai Medikasi (Studi Komparatif Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Hanbali)

Muhammad Syaifuddin Zuhri — 2024-12-17

Najis merupakan sesuatu yang bersifat kotor, jorok, dan bau. Dalam Islam najis terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu najis berat, najis sedang, dan najis ringan. Adapun hukum penggunaan barang najis hal ini ulama berbeda-beda dalam menghukuminya. Terutama pandangan ulama terhadap kenajisan yang terdapat di urine unta maupun kotorannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Hanbali tentang hukum meminum urine unta yang bercampur dengan air susu unta sebagai medikasi dan untuk mengetahui perbandingan istinbat hukum meminum urine unta yang bercampur dengan air susu unta sebagai medikasi menurut Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Hanbali. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan dalam skripsi ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Penelitian normatif, yang juga dikenal sebagai penelitian perpustakaan, bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data dari sumber-sumber kepustakaan yang terkait dengan masalah yang sedang diselidiki. Pendekatannya menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif yang bersifat perbandingan. Bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mencakup bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat perbedaan pandangan dan istinbat hukum antara Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Hanbali. Dalam Mazhab Hanafi menganggap air seni unta termasuk najis yang mutlak. Jika dikonsumsi sebagai pengobatan hukumnya haram. Sementara berbeda dalam pandangan Mazhab Hanbali air seni adalah suatu hal yang suci dan hal ini boleh digunakan untuk kepentingan medikasi.