Riba Menurut Pemikiran Al-Gazāli, Ar-Razi, Ad-Dahlawi, Al-Maududi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/jils.v6i2.8230Abstract
Abstract: Talking about the meaning of usury, there are several thoughts according to Al Gazali, Ar Razi, Ad Dahlawi, and Al Maududi. Al-Gazāli argues that usury does not address the issue of interest on money loans. He only said that fixing interest on borrowed money means diverting it from its main function, namely as a medium of exchange and as a measure of value. Meanwhile, according to Ar Razi, there are several things that are prohibited in usury. First, because usury means taking the borrower's property unfairly. Second, Allah forbids usury so that people are not lazy to work. Third, because usury will eliminate the goodness contained in borrowing money. Fourth, in general those who lend money (muqriḍ) come from the rich, while those who borrow money (mustaqriḍ) come from the poor. Fifth, the prohibition of usury has been clearly established in the Qur'an and Hadith. According to Ad Dahlawi, transactions that contain elements of usury do not have a spirit of cooperation at all, therefore these transactions are contrary to humanity and detrimental to civilization. Then according to Al Maududi, the problem of usury is clear and practical, capital does not have the right to collect fixed interest, even if the borrower wins or loses. Abstrak: Berbicara mengenai makna riba, ada beberapa pemikiran menurut Al Gazali, Ar Razi, Ad Dahlawi, dan Al Maududi. Al-Gazāli berpendapat bahwa riba tidak membahas masalah bunga pinjaman uang. Ia hanya mengatakan bahwa penetapan bunga terhadap pinjaman uang berarti membelokkannya dari fungsi utamanya, yaitu sebagai alat tukar dan sebagai pengukur nilai. Sedangkan menurut Ar Razi, ada beberapa hal yang dilarang dalam riba, yang Pertama, karena riba berarti mengambil harta si peminjam secara tidak adil. Kedua, Allah mengharamkan riba agar manusia tidak malas bekerja. Ketiga, karena riba akan menghilangkan kebaikan yang terkandung dalam peminjaman uang. Keempat, pada umumnya pihak yang meminjamkan uang (muqriḍ) berasal dari golongan orang kaya, sedangkan pihak yang meminjam uang (mustaqriḍ) berasal dari kalangan orang miskin. Kelima, keharaman riba telah ditetapkan dengan jelas di dalam Alquran dan Hadis. Menurut Ad Dahlawi, transaksi yang mengandung unsur riba, sama sekali tidak memiliki semangat kerjasama, karenanya transaksi tersebut bertentangan dengan kemanusiaan dan merugikan peradaban. Kemudian menurut Al Maududi, masalah riba sudah jelas dan praktis, modal tidak punya hak untuk memungut bunga yang tetap, meskipun peminjam untung atau rugi.References
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