Reinterpretasi Persepsi Keagamaan tentang Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan (Perspektif Maqashid al-Syariah)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/jils.v5i1.4577Keywords:
Pencegahan, Kekerasan, Perempuan, Maqashid al-SyariahAbstract
Abstract: Conceptually, the existence of religion is actually an alternative for the creation of a reality without violence, especially against women. Islam introduces the concept of preventing violence against women which refers to substantive verses (ushuliyah), as well as a general purpose / basis of sharia (maqashid al-syariah). In the context of married life, there are some basic rules put forward by the Al Quran as a guarantee for the benefit of a wife to avoid physical and psychological violence in relation to fulfilling her rights as a woman. This paper seeks to analyze and find the idea of benefit outlined by sharia in its relevance to efforts to prevent violence in a broad sense as upholding the principles of justice, human rights, and protection of life as the embodiment of maqashid al sharia. In understanding several verses, it is often questioned that the interpretation tends to give priority to men and downplay metaphors. In fact, these verses do not mean to denigrate women, they only refer to social roles and roles based on gender (gender roles), even generally having a history of sabab al-nuzul, so they are very historical. Generally verses like this are intended to support and realize the general purpose (maqashid) of the essential verses (ushul) which are also the central theme of the Quran. Abstrak: Secara konsep, keberadaan agama sesungguhnya menjadi alternatif bagi terciptanya realitas tanpa kekerasan khususnya terhadap perempuan. Islam memperkenalkan konsep pencegahan kekerasan terhadap perempuan yang mengacu pada ayat-ayat subtantif (ushuliyah), sekaligus menjadi tujuan umum/dasar syariah (maqashid al-syariah). Dalam konteks kehidupan berumah tangga terdapat beberapa aturan dasar yang diketengahkan Al Quran sebagai jaminan kemaslahatan bagi seorang istri untuk terhindar dari tindakan kekerasan fisik maupun psikis dalam kaitannya dengan pemenuhan hak-haknya sebagai perempuan. Tulisan ini berupaya menganalisis dan menemukan gagasan kemaslahatan yang digariskan syariat dalam relevansinya dengan upaya pencegahan tindak kekerasan dalam makna yang luas sebagai penegakkan prinsip keadilan, hak asasi, dan perlindungan hidup sebagai perwujudan maqashid al-syariah. Dalam memahami beberapa ayat, sering dipermasalahkan penafsiran yang cenderung memberi keutamaan kepada laki-laki dan mengecilkan perumpuan. Padahal sesungguhnya ayat-ayat ini tidak bermaksud merendahkan kaum perempuan, ia hanya merujuk pada fungsi dan peran sosial berdasarkan jenis kelamin (gender roles), bahkan umumnya mempunyai riwayat sabab al-nuzul, jadi sifatnya sangat historis. Umumnya ayat-ayat seperti ini dimaksudkan untuk mendukung dan mewujudkan tujuan umum (maqashid) ayat-ayat esensial (ushul) yang juga menjadi tema sentral Al Quran.References
Anwar, Muhammad Jafar, “Kekerasan dan Anti Kekerasan”. Dalam Amanah, No. 31 Th.XVI, Oktober 2002/Sya’ban 1423 H.
Bouhdiba, Abdel Wahab, Sexuality in Islam, Boston, London, 1985
Bukhari, Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Ismail, al-, Shahih al-Bukhari, Juz I, III, V dan VI, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, 1992/1412 H.
Dahlan, Abdul Aziz et al. Ensiklopedi Hukum Islam, Jilid 4 dan 5, Cet. VI; Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru van Hoeve, 2003.
Departemen Agama RI, Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya, Jakarta, CV Indah Press, 2002.
Engineer, Asghar Ali, Hak-hak Perempuan Dalam Islam, Yogyakarta, LSPPA, 1994.
Fakih, Mansour, et.al. Membincang Feminisme: Diskursus Gender Perspektif Islam, Cey. II, Yogyakarta, Risaah Gusti, 2000.
Foucault, M., Power/Knowledge, Panthenon Books, New York, 1980
Hafidzi, Anwar, dan Eka Hayatunnisa. “Kriteria Poligami serta Dampaknya melalui Pendekatan Alla Tuqsitu Fi al-Yatama dalam Kitab Fikih Islam Wa Adillatuhu.” Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 17, no. 1 (2017).
Hamidah, Tutik, Fiqh Perempuan Berwawasan Keadilan Gender, Malang, UIN Maliki Press, 2011.
Hanafi, Hassan, Agama, Kekerasan dan Islam Kontemporer, Cet. I, Yogyakarta, Jendela, 2001.
Hassan, Fuad, “Ikhtiar Meredam Kultus Kekerasan”, dalam Jurnal Perempuan, Nomor 8 Tahun 2001.
La Jamaa & Hadidjah, Hukum Islam & Undang-Undnag Anti Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga, Bina Ilmu, Surabaya, 2008
Mandhur, Ibnu, Lisan Al-‘Arab, Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, 1990
Mas’udi, Masdar F., Islam dan Hak-hak Reproduksi Perempuan, Mizan, Bandung, 1977
Muzhar, H.M. Atho, dkk., (ed.) Wanita dalam Masyarakat Indonesia, Cet. I, Yogyakarta, Sunan Kalijaga Press, 2001.
Naim, Abdullah Ahmed An-, Dekonstruksi Syariah (terj Ahmad Suaedy dan Amiruddin Arrni), LKIS, Yogyakarta, 1994
Paige, Glenn D, dkk. (ed.), Islam and Non Violence, diterjemahkan oleh M. Taufiq Rahman dengan judul Islam Tanpa Kekerasan, Cet. I, Yogyakarta, LkiS, 1998.
Shihab, Quraish, Membumikan Al-Qur’an: Fungsi dan Peran Wahyu dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat, Cet. VIII, Bandung, Mizan, 1994.
Subhan, Zaitunah, Menggagas Fiqh Pemberdayaan Perempuan, El-Kahfi, Jakarta, 2008
Umar, Nasaruddin, Ketika Fikih Membela Perempuan, Gramedia, Jakarta, 2014
Zarqani, Muhammad Abd Al-Adhim Az-, Manahil Al-Irfan fi Ulum Al-Quran, juz I dan II, Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, 1988
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Budi Rahmat Hakim, Herlinawati Herlinawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.