KEKERASAN ATAS NAMA AL-QUR‘AN: Penganuliran Ayat-ayat Damai dengan Ayat Pedang dan Pengaruhnya dalam Formasi Fiqh Jihâd
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/jiu.v10i2.748Keywords:
ayat pedang, penganuliran (naskh), fiqh jihad, dan kekerasan.Abstract
Tulisan ini difokuskan berbicara tentang justifikasi kekerasan atas nama kitab suci
Alquran, seperti yang pernah melatarbelakangi pemboman di Indonesia, terutama
yang dilakukan oleh Imam Samudera. Justifikasi tersebut bertolak dari penganuliran
(naskh) luar biasa terhadap keberlakuan ratusan “ayat-ayat damai” yang disebut
sebagai “ayat kesabaran, pemberian maaf” atau “ayat rekonsiliasi” dengan hanya
satu atau sedikit ayat yang disebut sebagai “ayat pedang”. Status penganuliran luar
biasa tersebut menjadi kontroversi yang tak berkesudahan di kalangan pakar ilmuilmu
Alquran. Para ulama tidak hanya berpolemik dalam mengidentifikasi ayat
mana yang disebut sebagai “ayat pedang” dan ada atau tidaknya penganuliran,
melainkan juga jumlah ayat damai yang dianulir tersebut yang berkembang secara
dramatis dalam sejarah yang panjang. Penganuliran tersebut bertolak dari penafsiran
ayat-ayat damai secara tidak utuh, seperti pemahaman ayat yang tidak sesuai dengan
konteks sesungguhnya dan penganuliran ayat-ayat teologis dan moral yang tidak
mungkin teranulir. Penganuliran tersebut berpengaruh besar dalam formasi fiqh jihâd.
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