Reading Fatwas of MUI a Perspective of Maslahah Concept
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v19i1.2726Keywords:
Islamic LawAbstract
Abstrak: Kemaslahatan dan kebaikan manusia merupakan tujuan pokok setiap bentuk peratuan, termasuk fatwa-fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). Salah satubidang fatwa yang diterbitkan MUI adalahhukumkeluarga. Fokusutamatulisaniniadalahmembacaulang dan menganalisa fatwa-fatwa MUI dalambidanghukumkeluargadenganperspektifkonsepmaslahatmayoritas fuqaha yang juga telahditerbitkandalam Fatwa MUI tentangKriteriaMaslahatNomor: 6/MUNAS VII/MUI/10/2005. Fatwa-fatwa tersebut, dilihatmenggunakanparadigmakonsepmaslahat, adakalanya masuk dalam kategori maṣlaḥahmu‘tabarah, maṣlaḥahmursalah, dan adaindikasibeberapa fatwa yang masuk kedalam kategori maṣlaḥah mulghah. Adapun fatwa MUI dalam bidang hukum keluarga yang dimaksud dalam tulisan ini yaitu fatwa tentang Aborsi, tentang Perkawinan Beda Agama, tentang Kewarisan Beda Agama, tentang Perkawinan Di BawahTangan (sirri, tidak dicatatkan), dan tentang Nikah Wisata.
Kata kunci: Maṣlaḥah, GradasiMaṣlaḥah, MUI, HukumKeluarga
Abstract: Human benefit and goodness are the main objectives of every form of regulation, including the fatwas of the Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI). One of the fatwa fields issued by MUI is family law. The main focus of this paper is to reread and analyze the fatwas of the MUI in the field of family law with the perspective of the concept of majority fuqaha masses which have also been published in the MUI Fatwa concerning the Maslahat No. 6 / MUNAS VII / MUI / 10/2005. These fatwas, are seen using the concept of maslahat, sometimes include to the category of maṣlaḥahmu‘tabarah, maṣlaḥahmursalah, and there are indications of several fatwas that include to the category of maṣlaḥahmulghah. The fatwas of the MUI in the field of family law referred to in this article is a fatwa on Abortion, concerning Differential Marriage, about Different Religions, About Marriage Under the Hand (sirri, not recorded), and about Tourism Marriage.
Keywords: Maṣlaḥah, Gradation of Maṣlaḥah, MUI, Family Law
References
Ali, Ahmad. 2008. “RelevansiMaslahah dan ImplementasinyadalamPengembanganPemikiranHukum IslamKontemporer,†Tesis UIN SyarifHidayatullah Jakarta.
Amin, K.H. Ma’ruf. 2011.Himpunan FatwaMajelis Ulama IndonesiaSejak 1975. Jakarta: SekretariatMajelis Ulama Indonesia.
BassÄm, ‘Abd Allah bin ‘Abd al-RaḥmÄn al-. 1994.Tawá¸Ä«á¸¥ al-AḥkÄm min BulÅ«gh al-MarÄm. Libanon: Mu’assasah al-KhidmÄt al-Ṭiba‘iyyah.
Djamil, Fathurrahman. 1999.FilsafatHukum Islam. Jakarta: Logos WacanaIlmu.
GhazzÄlÄ«, Al-. t.th.al-Mustaá¹£fÄ min ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl. Beirut: DÄr al-Fikr.
Hallaq, Wael B. 1997. A Histories of Islamic Legal Theories: an Introduction to SunnīUṣūl al-Fiqh. United Kingdom: Cambridge University.
Hamka, 1983. Tafsir al-Azhar. Jakarta: PustakaPanji Masyarakat.
Ḥanbal, AḥmadIbn. 1993. Musnad ImÄm Aḥmad Ibn ḤanbÄl. Beirut: DÄr al-Ihya’ al-‘ArÄbi.
ḤasÄn, Ḥusayn ḤamÄ«d. 1971. Naẓariyah al-Maá¹£laḥah. Kairo: DÄr al-Naḥá¸ah al-‘ArÄbiyah.
ḤasbullÄh, ‘AlÄ«. 1997. Uṣūl al-Tashrī’ al-IslÄmÄ«. Kairo: DÄr al-Fikr al-'Arabi.
Hosen, Nadirsyah. 2004. “Behind the Scenes: Fatwas of Majelis Ulama Indonesia 1975-1998â€Journal of Islamic Studies, 15:2.
Kamal, Zainun. 2004. “MenafsirKembaliPerkawinanantarUmatBeragama,†dalam Maria UlfahAnshor dan Martin LukitoSinaga. ed), Tafsir UlangPerkawinan Lintas Agama: PerspektifPerempuan dan Pluralisme. Jakarta: KAPAL Perempuan.
KhallÄf, ‘Abd al-WahhÄb. 1955.Maá¹£Ädir al-TashrÄ«' al-IslÄmÄ« fi mÄ lÄ Naṣṣa fi hÄ. Kairo: Ma’had al-DirÄsÄt al-‘Arabiyyah al-‘Āliyah.
Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage.
Lubis, Nazly Hanum.1995. al-Ṭūfī’s Concept of Maṣlaḥah: A Study in Islamic Legal Theory. Canada: McGill University.
Mahmood, Tahir. 1987. Personal Law in Islamic Countries. New Delhi: Times Press.
MarÄghÄ«, AḥmadMuá¹£á¹afÄ al-. 2006. TafsÄ«r al-MarÄghÄ«. Beirut: DÄr al-Fikr.
MUI’s Fatwa Number 4 of 2005 concerning Abortion.
MUI’s Fatwa Number 4 / National Conference VII / MUI / 8/2005.
MUI’s Fatwa in National Conference II 1980.
MUI’s Fatwa Number 10 of 2008 concerning Marriage Under Hands.
MUI’s Fatwa Number 2 / VIII / MUI / 2010 National Conference on Tourism Marriage.
MUI’s Fatwa on the Criteria of Maslahat Number: 6 / MUNAS VII / MUI / 10/2005.
MUI’s Fatwa Number 1 / National Conference VI / MUI / 2000 concerning Abortion.
Nasution, Khoiruddin. 2002. Status Wanita di Asia Tenggara: StudiTerhadapPerundangan-UndanganPerkawinan Muslim Kontemporer di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Jakarta: INIS.
Opwis, Falicitas Meta Maria.2005. “Maṣlaḥah in Contemporary Islamic Legal Theory†ArtikeldalamIslamic Law and Society 12, 2, Leiden.
________. 2010. Maṣlaḥa and the Purpose of the Law: Islamic Discourse on Legal Change from the 4th/10th to 8th/14th Century. Boston: Brill.
Qará¸awÄ«, YÅ«sÅ«f al-. 1998.al-SiyÄsah al-Shar’iyyahfīḌaw’ Nuṣūṣ al-Sharī’ÄtwaMaqÄá¹£idihÄ. Kairo: MaktabahWahbah.
QudÄmah, Ibn. 1984. Al-MughnÄ« wa al-Sharḥ al-KabÄ«r. Beirut: DÄr al-Fikr.
________. 1984. al-MughnÄ« wa al-Sharḥ al-KabÄ«r. Beirut: DÄr al-Fikr.
Riá¸Ä, RashÄ«d. 1999. TafsÄ«r al-Manar. Beirut: DÄr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Rosyid, Maskur. 2013. ImplementasiKonsepMaslahat al-Ṭūfīdalam Fatwa MUI. 2005-2010). Magelang, NgudiIlmu.
á¹¢abuni, Muhammad ‘Ali al-. 1999. TafsÄ«rÄ€yÄt al-AḥkÄmmin al-Qur’Än. Beirut: DÄr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Saleh, Watjik. 1987. HukumPerkawinan Indonesia. Jakarta: BalaiAksara.
á¹¢an‘ÄnÄ«, Muḥammad bin IsmÄ‘īl al-KaḥlÄnÄ« al-. t.th. Subul al-SalamSharḥBulÅ«gh al-MarÄm min Adillah al-AḥkÄm. T.tp.: DÄr al-Fikr.
Sayis, ‘Ali al-. 2001. TafsÄ«rÄ€yÄt al-AḥkÄm. Mesir: Mu’assasÄt al-Mukhtar.
ShahrÅ«r, Muḥammad. 2000. NaḥwaUṣūlJadÄ«dah al-IslÄmÄ«: Fiqh al-Mar’ah. al-Waá¹£iyyah, al-‘Irth, al-QawÄmah, al-Ta’addudiyyah, al-LibÄs). Suriyyah: al-AḥÄlÄ«lÄ« al-ṬabÄ’ahwa al-Nashrwa al-Tawzī’.
SharakhsÄ«, Shams al-DÄ«n al-. 1989. al-Mabṣūá¹. Beirut: DÄr al-Ma’rÅ«fah.
ShÄá¹ibÄ«, AbÅ« Isḥaq IbrÄhÄ«m ibn MÅ«sÄ al-Lakhmi Al-. 1341 H. Al-MuwÄfaqÄt fi Uṣūl al-AḥkÄm. Kairo: DÄr al-Fikr.
Sjadzali, Munawir. 1997. Ijtihad Kemanusiaan. Jakarta: Paramadina.
Sukarti, Dewi. 2003.PerkawinanAntaragamaMenurut al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Jakarta: PBB UIN dan KAS.
Syahar, Saidus. 1981. Undang-Undang dan MasalahPelaksanaannya. DitinjaudariSegiHukum Islam). Bandung: Penerbit Alumni.
Syarifuddin, Amir. 2005. Ushul al-Fiqh. Jakarta: Logos WacanaIlmu.
ṬufÄ«, Najm al-DÄ«n al-. 1964. Sharḥ al-Arba‘īn al-NawÄwÄ« dalam Muá¹£á¹afÄ Zayd, al-Maá¹£laḥah fi al-Tashrī‘ al-IslÄmÄ« wa Najm al-DÄ«n al-ṬūfÄ«. Kairo: DÄr al-Fikr al-‘ArabÄ«.
________.1990. Sharḥ Mukhtaá¹£ar Rawá¸ah. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-RisÄlah.
Zayd, Muá¹£á¹afÄ.1954. al-Maá¹£laḥah fi al-Tashrī’ al-IslÄmÄ« wa Najm al-DÄ«n al-ṬūfÄ«. ttp: DÄr al-Fikr al-‘ArÄbÄ«.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Â