Kerapatan Qadi: Exploration of the Implementation of Islamic Law in Kalimantan

Authors

  • Sabarudin Ahmad Universitas Islam Negeri Palangka Raya
  • Lisnawati Lisnawati Universitas Islam Negeri Palangka Raya
  • Muhammad Riyas Rasyid Universitas Islam Negeri Palangka Raya
  • Muhammad Gesit Widayatno Universitas Islam Negeri Palangka Raya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v26i1.17886

Abstract

The Kerapatan Qadi is a judicial institution during the Banjar Kingdom era. This institution not only served as a place for those seeking justice but also symbolized the implementation of Islamic law in Kalimantan. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explore the Kerapatan Qadi as a manifestation of the enforcement of Islamic law in Kalimantan. This research falls under the category of empirical legal research using a historical approach. The data sources for this research can be classified into three categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary data, which are then analyzed using the theories of living law and the applicability of law. The results of this study indicate that, first, the Kerapatan Qadi as a judicial institution has existed since the establishment of the Banjar Kingdom in Kalimantan, and during the Dutch colonial era, it received legitimacy through Stbl. 1937 No. 116 and 610 regarding Religious Courts in Java and Madura, which confirmed Stbl. 1882 No. 152, as well as Stbl. 1937 Nos. 638 and 639 regarding the establishment of judicial institutions for South and East Kalimantan. The Kerapatan Qadi in Kalimantan is divided into two levels. The First-Level Kerapatan Qadi was spread across several important regions, including Negara, Kandangan, Barabai, Amuntai, Tanjung, Rantau, Pelaihari, Martapura, Banjarmasin, and Marabahan. Meanwhile, the Appellate level was held at the Kerapatan Qadi Besar in Banjarmasin. Second, the enforcement of Islamic law in Kalimantan, particularly during the Banjar Sultanate era, can be observed from the existence of the Kerapatan Qadi as an official judicial institution that upheld Islamic law. This study examines the rulings issued by the Kerapatan Qadi and demonstrates that the institution had broad jurisdiction, covering family law (ahwal syakhshiyah), criminal law (jinayah), and issuing fatwas.

References

Ahmad Sukris, Anwar Hafidzi, Nurul Listiyani, Tetiana Kolomoiets, and Afif Khalid. “Restorative Justice Principles in Banjar Customary Inheritance Disputes: A Normative Analysis of Out-of-Court Settlement Institutions through Adat Badamai.” El-Mashlahah 15, no. 2 (2025): 415–36. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v15i2.10047.

Ahyat, Ita Syamtasiyah. “Perkembangan Islam Di Kesultanan Banjarmasin.” Sosio Humanika: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial Dan Kemanusiaan 8, no. 1 (2015): 11–20.

Akram, Andi. “Sejarah Peradilan Agama Di Indonesia.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 2, no. 1 (2008): 103–14. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v2i1.3699.

Ali, Ahmad. Menguak Tabir Hukum (Suatu Kajian Sosiologis Dan Filosofis). Toko Gunung Agung, 2002.

Anwar, Khairil, Zainap Hartati, and Sabarudin Ahmad. Persinggungan Agama Dan Kerajaan Kutaringin. K-Media, 2022.

Anwar, Khairil, Zainap Hartati, Sabarudin Ahmad, and Muhammad Zidni Husain. “Tracing Religious Transformations in Urban Society During the Kutaringin Kingdom Era.” Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 29, no. 1 (2024): 39–48. https://doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v29i1.8618.

Anwar, Syahrul, Mohd Anuar Ramli, and Muhammad Nuruddien. “Autonomy and Islamic Criminal Law Enforcement in Creating Social Order in Aceh Region.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar’iah 17, no. 2 (2025): 438–57. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v17i2.32771.

Ardi, Muh Zaitun, and Nadyatul Hikmah Shuhufi. “Islamic Law and Local Tradition: Living Appasili Marriage in Takalar Regency Indonesia.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law 7, no. 1 (2024): 40–62. https://doi.org/10.35719/ijil.v7i1.2114.

Azmi, Muhammad. “Islam Di Kalimantan Selatan Pada Abad Ke-15 Sampai Abad Ke -17.” Yupa: Historical Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (2017): 38–47. https://doi.org/10.30872/yupa.v1i1.89.

Banjarmasin, PTA. Kerapatan Qadhi: Dari Kampung Qadhi Menuju Peradilan Modern (Refleksi 77 Tahun Kerapatan Qadhi Dan 10 Tahun Peradilan Satu Atap). PTA Banjarmasin, 2014.

Bisri, Cik Hasan. Aspek-Aspek Sosiologis Hukum Islam Di Indonesia. Logos, 1988.

Fathur, Erwin Rezki, Muhammad Ansyari, and Muhammad Taslim. “Pola Penyebaran Dakwah Syekh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari Di Bumi Banjar.” Islamologi: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan 1, no. 1 (2024): 8–14.

Firdaus, Zein, Muhammad Marbawi, and Muhammad Wildan Afif. “Banjar Cultural Marriage Taboos and Analysis of the Prohibition of Marriage in Kitabun Nikah by Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari.” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 6, no. 1 (2023): 183–92. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i1.18961.

Gofur, Abd. “Islam Di Kesultanan Banjar Pada Abad Ke 19 M Dan Peran Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari.” Toleransi: Media Ilmiah Komunikasi Umat Beragama 1, no. 1 (2009): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.24014/trs.v1i1.439.

Habibi, Ahmad, Ahmad Faishal, and Fikri Nur Syahid. “Sejarah Pola Politik Islam Di Kalimantan Selatan.” Scientific Journal Islamic Education 1, no. 3 (2023): 221–28.

Harisnawati, Sri Rahayu, and Intan Sri Wahyuni. “Eksistensi Pemerintahan Nagari Di Sumatera Barat Dalam Kajian Sejarah.” Bakaba: Jurnal Sejarah Kebudayaan Dan Kependidikan 7, no. 2 (2018): 21–30.

Hasan. “Islam Dan Budaya Banjar Di Kalimantan Selatan.” Ittihad 14, no. 25 (2016): 78–90. https://doi.org/10.18592/ittihad.v14i25.865.

Hasan, Muhammad, Dahlia Haliah, and Muallimin Mochammad Sahid. “Inheritance Property Distribution Models Among the Muslim Community of Borneo-Nusantara.” Al-Adalah 21, no. 1 (2024): 175–98. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v24i3.4324.1.

Helim, Abdul, Muhammad Ilmi, Sabarudin Ahmad, and Wafid Syuja’ Vennovary Benevolent. “Babilangan in the Marriage Traditions of the Banjar Community in South Kalimantan: A Legal Pluralism Perspective.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 9, no. 2 (2025): 915–36. https://doi.org/10.22373/9tr8na63.

Hidayati, Nunuk, Rusli Rusli, Moh Khusen, Asmawi Asmawi, and Sofyan Effendi. “Beyond Religious Bureaucracy: Sapta Darma’s Marriage Registration Struggle in Post-Constitutional Reform Indonesia.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 25, no. 2 (2025): 305–34. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v25i2.305-334.

Hujbers, Theo. Filsafat Hukum Dalam Lintasan Sejarah. Kanisius, 1982.

Iqbal, Muhammad. Arsyad Al-Banjari: A Banjarese Shāfiʿī Scholar BT - Arsyad al-Banjari’s Insights on Parallel Reasoning and Dialectic in Law: The Development of Islamic Argumentation Theory in the 18th Century in Southeast Asia. Edited by Muhammad Iqbal. Springer International Publishing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91676-3_4.

Lisnawati, and Sabarudin Ahmad. “Kada Balampu, Menyisir Sisi Tapih: Eksplorasi Nilai Islami Dalam Kearifan Lokal Urang Banjar.” Jurnal El-Qanuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan Dan Pranata Sosial 9, no. 2 (2023): 312–28.

Lisnawati, Lisnawati, Sabarudin Ahmad, and Bariah Safrut. “Modernizing Divorce in Courts: How to Realize Justice in Diverse Geographical Conditions?” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 23, no. 2 (2024): 367–81. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i2.11836.

Manan, Bagir. Sistem Peradilan Berwibawa; Suatu Pencarian. Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) Press, 2005.

Mia Amiati, Taufik Rachman, and R.B. Muhammad Zainal Abidin. “Urgency of Falsum in Indonesian Criminal Justice System as Basis for Revision; An Islamic Perspective.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 19, no. 2 (2024): 303–28. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v19i2.13141.

Miranti, Alfrida Dyah, and Lutfiah Ayundasari. “Kesultanan Banjar: Peranan Dalam Persebaran Islam Di Kalimantan (Abad XVI M - XIX M).” Jurnal Integrasi Dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 2 (2021): 227–37. https://doi.org/10.17977/um063v1i2p227-237.

Muchith, Djafar Abdu. Kerapatan Qadhi: Dari Kampung Qadhi Menuju Peradilan Modern: Refleksi 77 Tahun Kerapatan Qadhi Dan 10 Tahun Peradilan Satu Atap. PTA Banjarmasin, 2014.

Mufid, Moh. “Aspek Sosiologis Fikih Imam Al-Syafi’i.” Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran 16. No.1 (2016).

Muhyidin. “Perkembangan Peradilan Agama Di Indonesia.” Gema Keadilan 7, no. 1 (2020): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.14710/gk.2020.7233.

Muslimah, Khairil Anwar, Sabarudin Ahmad, and Orisa Febriana. “How Does the Kingdom of Kutaringin Develop Educational Activities.” Ta’dib 26, no. 2 (2023): 245–56. https://doi.org/10.31958/jt.v26i2.9711.

Mustofa, Imam, Muhammad Sauqi, Diana Ambarwati, and Alwi Yahya. “Living Islamic Law in Indigenous Communities in Indonesia: Integration of Fiqh in the Tradition of Mu’amalah of the Muslim Community of Banjar.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 19, no. 2 (2025): 289–312. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v19i2.14792.

Muttaqin, Zainal. “Historisitas, Setting Sosial, Politik, Dan Kakakter Hukum Islam Di Kalimantan Selatan.” Al-Banjari: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 19, no. 2 (2020): 287–303. https://doi.org/10.18592/al-banjari.v19i2.3824.

Muzainah, Gusti, Firqah Annajiyah Mansyuroh, Rusdiyah Rusdiyah, and Alias Azhar. “Female Circumcision in Banjar Culture: Navigating Customary Law, Islamic Law, and Human Rights.” Al-Ahkam 35, no. 2 (2025): 371–400. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2025.35.2.27814.

Muzainah, Gusti, Anwar Hafidzi, and M. Fahmi Al-amruzi. “Integrating Religious and Customary Financial Obligations in Banjarese Marriages : Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari ’ s Islamic Legal Thought on Balanja al-Nik Āḥ.” Journal of Islamic Law 6, no. 2 (2025): 358–76.

Nasrulloh, Muhammad, Doli Witro, Aji Baskoro, Sabarudin Ahmad, and Muhammad Zakky Ubaid Ermawan. “Between Theoretical Sharia and Practical Realities: A Critical Analysis of Interfaith Marriage in Classical Texts and Contemporary Legal Contexts.” Al-Hukama’: The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law 15, no. 1 (2025): 1–35. https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2025.15.1.1-35.

Nofialdi. “Politik Hukum Undang-Undang Peradilan Agama.” Alqisthu: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Hukum 8 (2012): 91–107.

Noor, Yusliani. “Sejarah Perkembangan Islam Di Banjarmasin Dan Peran Kesultanan Banjar (Abad XV-XIX).” Al-Banjari: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 11, no. 2 (2012): 239–63. https://doi.org/10.18592/al-banjari.v11i2.458.

Noor, Yusliani, and Rabini Sayyidati. “Tionghoa Muslim Dan Dunia Perdagangan Di Banjarmasin Abad Ke-13 Hingga Ke-19.” Juspi: Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam 3, no. 2 (2020): 182–94. https://doi.org/10.30829/juspi.v3i2.5901.

Nugraheni, Edlin Yanuar, Myrtati Dyah Artaria, Sutinah, and Ronald Lukens Bull. “The Social Construction of the Banjar Ethnic Society Toward the Radap Rahayu Dance.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 12, no. 1 (2024): 51–70. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i1.1029.

PTA Banjarmasin. “Sejarah Pengadilan Tinggi Banjarmasin.” 2018.

R, Ahmad. “Peradilan Agama Di Indonesia.” Yudisia: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Dan Hukum Islam 6, no. 2 (2016): 311–39.

Rahmah, Mustar, and Surya Sukti. “Living Law Dalam Hukum Keluarga Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi 2, no. 5 (2025): 195–207. https://doi.org/10.71282/jurmie.v2i5.289.

Rahmatiah, Rahmatiah, and Sabarudin Ahmad. “Hukum Acara E-Litigasi Dan Penerapannya Di Pengadilan Agama Sampit.” Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Dan Hukum 2, no. 2 (2023): 160–69. https://doi.org/10.23971/jisyaku.v2i2.7378.

Ridlo, Miftakhur. “Sejarah Perkembangan Peradilan Agama Pada Masa Kesultanan Dan Penjajahan Sampai Kemerdekaan.” Asy-Syari’ah : Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (2021): 152–67. https://doi.org/10.55210/assyariah.v7i2.612.

Safi’, Muwaffiq Jufri, and Ansori. Filsafat Hukum; Mengurai Esensi Hukum Berbasis Multi-Prespektif. Prenada Media, 2023.

Salam, Samsir. “Hukum Dan Perubahan Sosial (Kajian Sosiologi Hukum).” Tahkim: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah 11, no. 1 (2015): 107–15.

Sari, Dessi Mulia, and Muhammad Iqbal. “Tuan Guru Dalam Sejarah Kesultanan Banjar.” Tashwir 12, no. 1 (2024): 51–60. https://doi.org/10.18592/jt.v12i01.13880.

Sholihin, M. “Maqasid As-Shariah Dan Pendekatan Filosofis Hukum as-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law.” Turast: Jurnal Penelitian & Pengabdian 1, no. 1 (2013): 95–101.

Siti Malikhatun Badriyah. “Penemuan Hukum (Rechtsvinding) Dan Penciptaan Hukum (Rechtsschepping) Oleh Hakim Untuk Mewujudkan Keadilan.” Universitas Diponegoro 1, no. 1 (2017): 389.

Sudirman Tebba. Sosiologi Hukum Islam. UII Press, 2003.

Sukri, Muhammad. “Sejarah Peradilan Agama Di Indonesia (Pendekatan Yuridis).” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah 10, no. 2 (2012): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.30984/as.v10i2.252.

Susilowati, Endang. “Peranan Jaringan Sungai Sebagai Jalur Perdagangan Di Kalimantan Selatan Pada Paroh Kedua Abad XIX.” Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 15, no. 1 (2011): 1–8.

Syakhrani, Abdul Wahab, and Ahmad Rangga Islami. “Islam Di Tanah Banjar.” Cross-Border 5, no. 1 (2022): 792–802.

Syakhrani, Abdul Wahab, and Muhammad Nafis. “Islam Sebagai Agama Dan Islam Sebagai Budaya Dalam Masyarakat Banjar.” Mushaf Journal: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis 2, no. 3 (2022): 270–74.

Syatar, Abdul, Juliana, Zehratul; Eitriya, et al. “Formalisasi Hukum Islam Dalam Bentuk Peraturan Daerah : Analisis Yuridis Petaturan.” Bilancia 15, no. 1 (2021): 65–84.

Taufiki, Muhammad, Rokani Darsyah, and Mahmud Ridha. “The Use of Maxims (al-Qawā’id al-Usūliyyah Wa al-Fiqhiyyah) in Legal Argumentation of Sharia Economic Court Decisions in Indonesia.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial 17, no. 1 (2022): 165–88. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v17i1.6070.

Ulvi, Aulia. “Peranan Kerapatan Adat Nagari Dalam Memperjuangkan Hak-Hak Masyarakat Adat Nagari Guguak Malalo Kabupaten Tanah Datar (1992-2016).” Universitas Andalas, 2019.

Utsman, Sabian. Dasar-Dasar Sosiologi Hukum : Makna Dialog Hukum & Masyarakat. Pustaka Pelajar, 2016.

Wirastri, Theresia Dyah, and Stijn Cornelis Van Huis. “The State of Indonesia’s Marriage Law: 50 Years of Statutory and Judicial Reforms.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 24, no. 2 (2024): 215–32. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v24i2.38424.

Yuliyanto, Yuliyanto. “Peranan Hukum Adat Masyarakat Dayak Dalam Menyelesaikan Konflik Untuk Mewujudkan Keadilan Dan Kedamaian.” Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 6, no. 1 (2017): 37. https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v6i1.134.

Yusnita, Eti, Yuswalina, and Muhammad Toriq. “Embracing E-Court Innovation: Advancing Maslahah Mursalah in Indonesia’s Religious Courts.” Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah Dan Masyarakat 24, no. 2 (2024): 506–23. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v24i2.24744.

Zaidah, Yusna, M. Fahmi Al-Amruzi, and A. Sukris Sarmadi. “Unveiling the Role of Local Cultural Considerations in Judicial Discretion: An Analysis of Inheritance Decisions in the Religious Courts of South Kalimantan.” Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 23, no. 1 (2023): 47–58. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v23i1.1351.

Downloads

Published

2026-05-17

Issue

Section

Articles