COLLECTIVE IJTIHAD IN INDONESIA AND THE RENEWAL OF ISLAMIC LAW: A PHILOSOPHICAL-METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) BASED ON CONTEMPORARY MAQÂṢID AND THE DOUBLE MOVEMENT APPROACH / IJTIHAD KOLEKTIF INDONESIA DALAM PUSARAN PEMBARUAN HUKUM ISLAM: ANALISIS FILOSOFIS-METODOLOGIS KASUS BAYI TABUNG (IVF) BERBASIS MAQÂṢID KONTEMPORER DAN DOUBLE MOVEMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/msr.v7i2.18925Keywords:
Collective Ijtihad, Contemporary Maqasid, Double Movement, IVF, Islamic Law ReformAbstract
This research aims to analyze the function of collective Ijtihad operated by Muslim intellectuals in Indonesia as the driving force for the renewal (tajdid) of Islamic legal thought. Starting from a gap in previous research that tended to focus on legal outcomes (product) rather than the thought process and method (process) of Ijtihad, this study employs an analytical framework that combines Jasser Auda's Contemporary Maqasid al-Shari'ah (as the philosophical framework) and Fazlur Rahman's Double Movement Method (as the methodological framework).
The transformation of Ijtihad in Indonesia from individual to collective, represented by major institutions such as the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and Muhammadiyah, demonstrates a diversity of methodologies within a dialectical space between text, school of law tradition, and modern demands.
The case study of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) proves the collective Ijtihad's ability to reach a consensus. The analysis indicates that the cautious stance of these institutions allowing IVF only between a legally married husband and wife without involving a third party is an expression of critical and responsive Muslim intellectuality. Through the lens of the double movement, the mujtahids succeeded in drawing the universal moral goal from the texts prohibiting the confusion of lineage, namely the protection of honor and the clarity of the family line, to be applied to the problem of modern reproductive technology. Philosophically (Maqasid), this process balances the benefit for infertile couples (the right to have offspring) with the obligation to safeguard the universal objectives of Shari'ah, particularly the preservation of progeny (hifz al-nasl) and human dignity. The implications of this Ijtihad finding are reinforced in Indonesia's Positive Law (Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health).
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