Competency Gaps among Graduates of Islamic Religious Higher Education Institutions in the Digital Era: Stakeholder Perspectives and Implications for Curriculum Management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/moe.v12i2.20429Keywords:
Competency Gaps; Curriculum Management; Digital Competence; Graduate Employability; Islamic Higher EducationAbstract
Islamic religious higher education institutions (PTKI) must respond to changing workplace demands without weakening the religious identity that defines their educational mission. This study examined gaps between stakeholder expectations and the self-rated competencies of graduates of UIN Antasari Banjarmasin and considered how the findings could inform curriculum management. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design combined surveys of 87 alumni and 16 stakeholders with interviews involving 14 alumni and all 16 stakeholders. Survey data were summarized descriptively, matched indicators were compared through an adapted importance-competence gap analysis, and interview data were analyzed thematically. The widest gaps concerned subject-matter mastery (33.2), effective communication (30.0), problem-solving (28.4), and quantitative data processing and analysis (28.1). Basic digital skills, including office applications and online information searching, showed narrower gaps, although data analysis and digital security remained areas for improvement. Stakeholders also valued graduates' religiosity, integrity, loyalty, and Islamic work ethic. The findings suggest that graduate-readiness concerns in PTKI are not simply digital; they also involve disciplinary, analytical, and interpersonal capacities. In response, the study proposes a dual-responsive curriculum management framework that links evidence-based adaptation to workplace and technological demands with the deliberate preservation of Islamic educational identity.
References
Andrews, J., & Higson, H. (2008). Graduate employability, ‘soft skills’ versus ‘hard’ business knowledge: A European study. Higher Education in Europe, 33(4), 411–422. https://doi.org/10.1080/03797720802522627
Armiah, Surianor, H., & Falikhah, N. (2015). Penilaian pengguna lulusan terhadap alumni dan penilaian pelaksanaan kegiatan Praktek Profesi Makro (PKL) mahasiswa Jurusan Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin [Research report]. LP2M IAIN Antasari Banjarmasin. http://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/5241/
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bridgstock, R. (2009). The graduate attributes we’ve overlooked: Enhancing graduate employability through career management skills. Higher Education Research & Development, 28(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360802444347
Clarke, M. (2018). Rethinking graduate employability: The role of capital, individual attributes and context. Studies in Higher Education, 43(11), 1923–1937. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1294152
Cranmer, S. (2006). Enhancing graduate employability: Best intentions and mixed outcomes. Studies in Higher Education, 31(2), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070600572041
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Dacre Pool, L., & Sewell, P. (2007). The key to employability: Developing a practical model of graduate employability. Education + Training, 49(4), 277–289. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910710754435
Damoah, O. B. O., Peprah, A. A., & Brefo, K. O. (2021). Does higher education equip graduate students with the employability skills employers require? The perceptions of employers in Ghana. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 45(10), 1311–1324. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2020.1860204
Finch, D. J., Hamilton, L. K., Baldwin, R., & Zehner, M. (2013). An exploratory study of factors affecting undergraduate employability. Education + Training, 55(7), 681–704. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-07-2012-0077
Hendrawan, R. F., & Daryanto, D. (2019). Employability skills: Industry perspective and achievement of student of employability skills. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1402(2), 022049. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1402/2/022049
Hills, J. M., Robertson, G., Walker, R., Adey, M. A., & Nixon, I. (2003). Bridging the gap between degree programme curricula and employability through implementation of work-related learning. Teaching in Higher Education, 8(2), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/1356251032000052456
Idham, I., Rokimin, R., Akhirudin, M. T., Rahman Zh, M. H., & At Thaariq, Z. Z. (2026). The application of deep learning in enhancing the effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education curriculum in madrasahs. Management of Education: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.18592/moe.v12i1.20058
Isbah, M. F., Kustiningsih, W., Wibawanto, G. R., Artosa, O. A., Kailani, N., & Zamjani, I. (2023). Strategies to enhance the employability of higher education graduates in Indonesia: A way forward. Society, 11(2), 398–414. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v11i2.592
Jackson, D. (2015). Employability skill development in work-integrated learning: Barriers and best practice. Studies in Higher Education, 40(2), 350–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.842221
Kenayathulla, H. B., Ahmad, N. A., & Idris, A. R. (2019). Gaps between competence and importance of employability skills: Evidence from Malaysia. Higher Education Evaluation and Development, 13(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1108/HEED-08-2019-0039
Martilla, J. A., & James, J. C. (1977). Importance-performance analysis. Journal of Marketing, 41(1), 77–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224297704100112
Mason, G., Williams, G., & Cranmer, S. (2009). Employability skills initiatives in higher education: What effects do they have on graduate labor market outcomes? Education Economics, 17(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645290802028315
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass.
Nugroho, N. E., Irianto, J., & Suryanto, S. (2024). A systematic review of Indonesian higher education students’ and graduates’ work readiness. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, 8(1), 350–363. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v8i1.33073
Ornstein, A. C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2018). Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues (7th ed.). Pearson.
Print, M. (1993). Curriculum development and design (2nd ed.). Allen & Unwin.
Pujiwati, A., Hutagaol, M. P., Pasaribu, B., & Pandjaitan, N. K. (2021). Development of Employability Model 4.0 for higher education graduates in Indonesia. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(2), 389–397.
Rifauddin, M., Laugu, N., & Zulaikha, S. R. (2026). Integrating Islamic information literacy curriculum as an institutional strategy to counter digital radicalism in Islamic higher education. Management of Education: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 130–145. https://doi.org/10.18592/moe.v12i1.20294
Rohman, A., Muhtamiroh, S., Imron, A., & Miyono, N. (2023). Integrating traditional-modern education in madrasa to promote competitive graduates in the globalization era. Cogent Education, 10(2), 2268456. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2268456
Small, L., Shacklock, K., & Marchant, T. (2018). Employability: A contemporary review for higher education stakeholders. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 70(1), 148–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2017.1394355
Spante, M., Sofkova Hashemi, S., Lundin, M., & Algers, A. (2018). Digital competence and digital literacy in higher education research: Systematic review of concept use. Cogent Education, 5(1), 1519143. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2018.1519143
Succi, C., & Canovi, M. (2020). Soft skills to enhance graduate employability: Comparing students and employers’ perceptions. Studies in Higher Education, 45(9), 1834–1847. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1585420
Tee, P. K., Wong, L. C., Dada, M., Song, B. L., & Ng, C. P. (2024). Demand for digital skills, skill gaps and graduate employability: Evidence from employers in Malaysia. F1000Research, 13, 389. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148514.1
Tran, L. H. N. (2018). The skills gap of Vietnamese graduates and final-year university students. Journal of Education and Work, 31(7–8), 579–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2018.1559280
UIN Antasari. (2024). Laporan tracer study alumni UIN Antasari Banjarmasin tahun 2024. LP2M UIN Antasari Banjarmasin.
van Laar, E., van Deursen, A. J. A. M., van Dijk, J. A. G. M., & de Haan, J. (2017). The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills: A systematic literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 577–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.010
Zhao, Y., Pinto Llorente, A. M., & Sánchez Gómez, M. C. (2021). Digital competence in higher education research: A systematic literature review. Computers & Education, 168, 104212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104212
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Imadduddin Imadduddin, Irfan Noor, Yulia Hairina

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.








This work is licensed under a