Changes Of The Meaning In Arabic Words And Expressions On Student’s Daily Conversation

Arabic is a language that is often used in modern Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia as a means of communication for students in their daily conversations. When Arabic is used among students as a communication tool, Arabic words or expressions arise that have changed from the meaning of fusha or from the initial meaning to meanings that other people, especially native speakers of the language cannot understand, except by the students themselves. Therefore, this research is focused on changing Arabic words and expressions of the students of Pondok Modern An Najah Putra in daily conversation. To achieve this goal, the researcher uses a type of field research by using a descriptive qualitative approach to describe the facts that exist in the research area with the main subject of research changing meaning and the object of research is the words and expressions that exist in the students of Pondok Modern An Najah Putera. both verbally and written. The results of this study are words and expressions that have exchanged their meaning from the meaning of fusha or the initial meaning to other meanings that are only understood by students, forms of meaning exchange such as narrowing of meaning, expansion of meaning, and exchanges in new meanings with associations, exchanges in meaning. the meaning of mashdar to fi'il, exchanging the meaning of mashdar to ismul fa'il, exchanging the meaning of shifah musyabbah bi ismi al-fail to mashdar, exchanging the meaning of ismul fa'il to isim maf'ul, exchanging ismul maf'ul to fi'il, and exchanging harf to fi'il. Because the change in meaning is the influence of Indonesian in a variety of conversations, the emergence of the need for Arabic expressions, the influence of the Banjar language in various conversations, deviations in understanding Arabic, which is often used among students.


Introduction
Arabic is an international language that is widely used by humans, 1 There are about 315 million people who speak Arabic in the world. 2 According to data published by ethnologue, Arabic occupies the fourth position of the most widely spoken language after Mandarin in the first position, Spanish in the second position and English in the third position. Arabic is identical to the religion of Islam which also makes it widely used in all countries where there are Muslims in it.
The population of Indonesia, which is famous for having the largest number of Muslims in the world, cannot be separated from Arabic in their daily life. As a Muslim, the Indonesian population is required to learn Arabic to carry out their obligations, namely carrying out worship such as praying, reading the Qur'an and others. Arabic is the language of the Arabs as well as the language of Muslims, therefore Arabic cannot be separated from Islam. 3 There is nothing other than Arabic that can be used to understand the contents of the Qur'an which is a guide and source of rules in Islam. 4 In the beginning, Arabic learning was only to fulfill the needs of special worship rituals such as the five daily prayers and various kinds of worship rituals that were required to use Arabic. According to these needs, the material taught cannot be separated from learning to read hijaiyah letters, memorizing prayers, short suras and so on or what is called verbalistic Arabic learning. This learning is considered insufficient, because the Arabic-language Koran is not only read in worship, but must be understood in its meaning to understand the teachings in it. Then came the next Arabic language learning to deepen the Islamic religion that grew and developed in Islamic boarding schools. 5 Arabic is a language that is often used in modern Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia as a means of communication for students in their daily conversations. When Arabic is used among students as a means of communication, Arabic words and expressions arise that have changed from the meaning of fusha or the initial meaning to a new meaning that no one else can understand, especially speakers of the language, except by the students themselves. e-ISSN 2615-3890 Pondok Modern An-Najah Putra is an educational institution of Modern Islamic Boarding School that requires its students to use Arabic and English in daily conversation, this language obligation raises the phenomenon of changing meanings in words and expressions in the Arabic language they use which can only be understood by their environment. Therefore, this research is focused on changing Arabic words and expressions of the students of Pondok Modern An-Najah Putra in daily conversation.

Research Method
This study aims to describe words and expressions that have changed meaning, forms of meaning change and the causes of changes in meaning that exist in Arabic words and expressions in the conversations of santri at Pondok Modern An-Najah Putera.
To achieve this goal, the researcher uses a type of field research by using a descriptive qualitative approach to describe the facts that exist in the research place with the research subject changing the meaning that is in the students' Arabic conversation and the object of research is in the words and expressions used. There are students at Pondok Modern An Najah Putera both verbally and in writing. 6 To analyze the data obtained, the researcher used data analysis techniques, the distributional method and the identity method. The method is an analytical method with its determinants located in a self-determined part of the language. The equivalent method is a method whose determinant is outside, independent of, and does not become part of the language in question. Data analysis in this study was carried out by identifying data from field observations and then classifying it linguistically and its form, followed by analysis and concluding. 7

Results and Discussion Narrowing of Meaning
Narrowing is the opposite of meaning expansion. This means that all meanings are changed from general meanings to small or narrow meanings. It is to renew and reduce the meaning of words. For example in America since 10 years ago, a woman said that she was taking "pills" and then curious people as listeners wondered "what is the purpose? Is it to prevent pregnancy? To treat headaches? to treat a stomach ache?" e-ISSN 2615-3890 Simultaneously the use of a device to prevent pregnancy is called a "pill" (control pill birth) so the word pill narrows its meaning to just a contraceptive tablet. 8 The narrowing of meaning in the Arabic words or expressions of the santri at Pondok Modern An Najah Putra is the change in the initial general meaning to a special meaning that is still related to the previous meaning. An example is the following sentence:

‫ا‬
is someone who is visited by guests in general (the host) both parents or anyone, but in its use by students it is specifically for someone who is visited by their parents, we can see from example number 2 which he stated "not my parents who visited but my uncle" from the context of this sentence that the word " ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ " dedicated to their parents. are all living things that can think both male and female which refer to individuals or groups of people. In its use the word becomes special to someone as in the example sentence above. e-ISSN 2615-3890

Expansion of Meaning
Expansion of meaning (widening) or extension (extension) is a shift in the specific meaning to the general meaning. 9 The expansion of meaning occurs more than the definition of meaning, which is a specific general meaning. The expansion of meaning refers more to the previous word, or the scope of use becomes wider than before. 10 Examples are many in all languages, A child can name apples in all round objects that resemble them such as in oranges, tennis balls, and wads of paper. The word "salary" which means salary of any kind, this word originally comes from Latin which means still wid ball, but if we follow the word in history, we will find that it means army salary. The word "picture" which was originally used for painted paintings, is now extended to include photographic images. 11 The expansion of the meaning that exists in the Arabic words or expressions of the santri at Pondok Modern An-Najah Putra is the change in the initial meaning that is specific to the general meaning which is still related to the previous meaning. This form of change in meaning is the opposite of the previous narrowing of meaning, for example the following sentence: to broaden its meaning, the initial meaning of the word is a tool to clean the floor, but its meaning extends not only to a floor cleaning device but also to the movement of touching the feet when playing soccer and practicing martial arts.

‫ا‬
what is in the example above originally meant a tool made from hair, there was a wooden or plastic holder that was used to clean clothes, teeth and others. In usage the meaning extends to the verb to finish something like the example above "brush this cake!" the intention is to spend it thoroughly, and it can also mean attacking the opponent with all of his strength and ability when practicing or competing in martial arts.

The Move to a New Meaning
The shift to a new meaning is the transfer of the old meaning to a new meaning that is opposite to the old meaning, 12 whether there is a relationship between the old meaning and the new meaning or not, 13 example, word ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﰎ‬ which in the beginning was an object wrapped around a finger that served as a stamp to ratify letters, nowadays ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﰎ‬ changed its meaning into jewelry that is used on the finger or what we call a ring. 14 The move to a new meaning that exists in the Arabic words or expressions of the santri at Pondok Modern An Najah Putra is the transfer of the old meaning to a new meaning that is opposite to the old meaning, whether there is a relationship between the old meaning and the new meaning or not. An example is the following sentence:  Character ‫س‬ in Arabic it means will, but its use is continued with fiil mudhari, in the use of santri the letter changes to fiil. e-ISSN 2615-3890

The reasons for the change in meaning
There are many factors in the change in meaning. Broadly speaking, these factors are divided as follows: 1. The Need for New Expressions The development of the world all the time very fast in various sides of life gives rise to new ideas, and every idea must be expressed in a suitable word, this is where people use the old language with its connotation that has spread and revive some words and call it innovation. 15 This kind of situation can occur through borrowing words and perhaps by using a new term instrument (Containing) on words in the language, this happens a lot in commercial names which are usually placed without consideration of origin or adoption, but considering the ease of remembering and attractiveness. the good one. 16 As an example of the need for a new expression, the word it's on the four-wheeled transportation machines/tools that we know today as cars. 17 Because it has characteristics related to the origin of the old meaning, which is a process of walking from one place to another with a group of people. As we know now that the car is a means of transportation that can be used to travel long distances with a capacity of many people. So people today need to express the word car in Arabic with the word " ‫ﻟا‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ " because both of that have the same relationship.

Social and Cultural Development
Social and cultural development often leads to the development of language, some words die and bring other words to life, and some words change meaning, and sometimes the change in meaning from the sense of taste to the abstract sense can result from the development of the human mind and its improvement, and sometimes the old meaning of a sentence lives on along with the new meaning. Then one of them e-ISSN 2615-3890 does not become more authentic than the other, and perhaps the old meaning dies and the new meaning persists in a particular language. 18 The reason for this change in meaning in terms of social and cultural development can be in the form of a shift from the sense of taste to the sense of hearing as a result of the development of the human mind and its improvement. 19 And the transfer of meaning from a certain scope to another. As the expression we often use today "the advice is very spicy". the word "spicy" which is a taste that we can feel with the sense of taste, in the context of this expression the word spicy can be felt with the sense of hearing which means that his advice makes him uncomfortable. It can also be in the form of an agreement by a small group that has a different culture on the use of certain words with meanings that they define in line with everything and experiences and concepts that are by their profession and culture. so that it can lead to the emergence of a special language (jargon). As we all know, in the 90s in South Kalimantan, we often hear the phrase "kanakan plastek" (plastic child) an expression that refers to teenagers who are still looking to be themselves. Because in that year, people in South Kalimantan began to change their habits, which at first used iron materials in household household items such as plates, buckets and others to become household utensils made of plastic, so children born in that year were called " plastic boy". 20 A small group of language communities that have a certain culture can use several languages in new meanings that are appropriate to their culture, so they create their language, as happened when Islam emerged with cultural and social shifts. 21 3. Emotional Feelings And Psychology Languages in general have different traits and vary in their characteristics, some words have a disliked/hated connotation, as well as words that are not good/inconvenient to mention in a statement, therefore, language people deliberately designed a new term to replace such words, this alternative term usually carries the old e-ISSN 2615-3890 meaning, so this alternative substitute term has two meanings: the first meaning is the old meaning, and the second meaning is the new meaning. 22 For example: a. Optimism and pessimism: both are human instincts shared by all humans, the former expresses feelings of hope and ideals, and the latter expresses feelings of fear, hate and dislike. b. The bad meaning of the word is related to things that are dirty / dirty or things that make someone embarrassed to speak using the word. 23 The phenomenon of pessimism and optimism is one of the human instincts that affect human habits in speaking, and it has an influence in changing the meaning of words, someone may be pessimistic/hate to mention a word so he replaces it with a more appropriate one, so he says: Wiley to avoid the word , wall and to be optimistic in healing. 24 4. Deviations / Deviations in Language According to linguists, deviation in language means that a speaker uses a word in a meaning that is not true. then spread this word in a new and foreign meaning so that it becomes a language reality. Here we have to distinguish between using the word in a meaning foreign to its first (original) meaning, or using it with a meaning close to or similar to the first meaning, in the first case the meaning of the words changes due to language deviations, and secondly from the meaning of the word. -words as a result of metaphors/majaz. 25 Deviations in language have many forms including: a. Misunderstandings arise from the ambiguity of the meaning of the word or the ambiguity of the meaning for the listener/reader from the speaker of the language, then the listener only guesses the meaning according to the context of the conversation. b. Children's mistakes, language deviations may arise from children's mistakes because they depend on the difference between things in a tangible form.

Innovation
Innovation or Creativity is the same reason that changes meaning and is often done by one of the following two types of people: a. People who are gifted and skilled at speaking, such as poets and writers, and the need for writers to clarify the meaning or amplify the impact of the word in the mind are what make them wary of innovating. 27 b. Linguistic associations/assemblies and scientific bodies when they require the use of certain words to express an idea or concept, thus emerge a word with a new meaning, and then enter the circle of society so that the language spreads. profession of the speaker, whether he is a farmer, scientist, mathematician or linguist. 28 6. Foreign Influence Many changes in meaning are caused by foreign influences or something that does not exist in the language, such as regional languages or dialects and other languages that influence the language. 29 For example, the Arabic expression ‫أ‬ " ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﳌ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ " which is the influence of the English language "I'm As Teacher" textually.

Always Used
Words or sentences that are often used for certain terms will cause a change in the meaning of the word because it is often used for that term, 30

‫ا‬ ‫ﱀ‬
(practice of worship that begins with takbir and ends with greetings) then the meaning changes ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ة‬ which in the beginning prayer in general became the practice of worship that we know today as prayer.
Because the change in meaning is the influence of Indonesian in various conversations, the emergence of the need for Arabic expressions, the influence of Banjar language in various conversations, deviations in understanding Arabic, which are often used among students.

Closing
So many words and expressions have changed their meaning from the meaning of fusha or the initial meaning to other meanings that are only understood by students, such as the wordsay " ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ " to broaden its meaning, the initial meaning of the word is a tool to clean the floor, but its meaning extends not only to a floor cleaning device but also to the movement of touching the feet when playing soccer and practicing martial arts. Changes in meaning such as narrowing of meaning, expanding meaning, and changing new meanings with associations, changing the meaning of mashdar to fi'il, changing the meaning of mashdar to ismul fa'il, changing the meaning of ismul fa'il to mashdar, changing the meaning of ismul fa' il to isim maf'ul, change ismul maf'ul to fi'il and change letters to fi'il.
Because the change in meaning is the influence of Indonesian in various conversations, the emergence of the need for Arabic expressions, the influence of Banjar language in various conversations, deviations in understanding Arabic, which are often used among students.