AKULTURASI BUDAYA DALAM TRADISI MAULID NABI MUHAMMAD DI NUSANTARA

Abstract

Islam came to this archipelago, not in an empty culture of society. Cultural practices are actually accommodated and adopted and then Islamized. Islam does not displace the culture that lives in a society where Islam comes to enlighten the faith of the people. Islam straightens, gives value, meaning and reinforcement of a culture that has lived a long time in a preached society. There are three patterns of the spread of Islam in Nusantara, namely; integrative, dialogic, and integrated dialogic-integrative. These three patterns can be witnessed in religious traditions and rituals that are still practiced by the society until today. This research is a literature research (library research) that discusses the concepts around cultural acculturation in relation to the tradition of the maulid of the prophet. In the prophet's maulid there are various traditions such as in Yogyakarta as commemorated by the tradition of grebek mulud. In South Kalimantan there is a Baayun Mulud tradition. Maudu Lompoa around Cikoang Takalar, South Sulawesi. Then Babaca Maulid Nabi combined with the tambourine strains in Ternate. While in West Sumatra, known as Malamang and Mulud Badikia.Islam hadir di Nusantara bukan dalam masyarakat hampa budaya. Praktik budaya justru diakomodir dan diadopsi kemudian diislamisasi. Islam tidak menggusur budaya yang hidup dalam masyarakat di mana Islam datang untuk mencerahkan akidah umat. Islam meluruskan, memberi nilai, makna dan penguatan terhadap budaya yang sudah hidup lama dalam satu masyarakat yang didakwahinya. Ada tiga pola penyebaran Islam di kepulauan Nusantara, yaitu; integratif, dialogis, dan gabungan dialogis-integratif. Ketiga pola tersebut dapat disaksikan dalam tradisi dan ritual keagamaan yang masih dipraktikkan oleh masyarakat Nusantara sampai saat ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian literatur (library research) yang membahas tentang kajian konsep seputar akulturasi budaya kaitannya dengan tradisi maulid nabi. Pada maulid nabi ada banyak yang tradisi yang bervariatif seperti di Yogyakarta ada tradisi grebek mulud. Di Kalimantan Selatan terdapat tradisi Baayun Maulid. Maudu Lompoa di sekitar Cikoang Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Kemudian Babaca Maulid Nabi dipadu dengan alunan rebana di Ternate. Sementara di Sumatera Barat dikenal dengan Malamang dan Mulud Badikia.