Psychological Foundations as the Basis for Differentiated Instruction and Formative Assessment Strategies in the Islamic Religious Education Curriculum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18592/tarbiyah.v15i1.18285Keywords:
basics of psychology, differentiation strategy, formative assessment, islamic education, PAI curriculumAbstract
This study aims to explore the role of psychological principles in the development of the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum, especially in strengthening differentiation learning strategies and formative assessments that are adaptive to the needs of students. Using a library research approach with a qualitative descriptive method, this study examines various academic literature such as books, articles, and relevant scientific documents. The analysis is carried out through content analysis techniques to obtain a deep and systematic understanding. The focus of the discussion is directed at how psychological approaches such as humanistic, constructivist, behavioristic, metacognitive, and sociocultural can be used as the foundation of a student-oriented curriculum. The results of the study show that the integration of psychological principles in the PAI curriculum is able to create more inclusive, reflective, and contextual learning, as well as provide space for teachers to adjust teaching and evaluation strategies according to the characteristics of students in providing assessments in a formative manner. This research contributes to providing educational services fairly and evenly without discrimination with methods tailored to the needs of students and measurable assessments through psychological principles with humanistic, constructivistic, behavioristic, sociocultural, and metacognitive approaches.
References
Afifah, N., & Marwiji, M. H. (2025). Landasan Sosiokultural dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum PAI pada Mata Pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadits MTs: Sociocultural Foundations in the Development of Islamic Education Curriculum for the Qur’an and Hadith Subject at Islamic Junior High Schools (MTs). Epistemic: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 4(2), 183–200.
Ahmad, M. I., Djollong, A. F., Jumawati, J., Sukriati, S., Hamran, H., Imran, M. A., & Saleh, A. R. (2025). Transformasi Peran Guru dalam Implementasi dan Evaluasi Kurikulum PAI. Sulawesi Tenggara Educational Journal, 5(1), 331–339.
Alemdag, E., & Narciss, S. (2025). Promoting formative self-assessment through peer assessment: Peer work quality matters for writing performance and internal feedback generation. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 22(1), 22.
Arifin, S., & Nurhakim, M. (2025a). Strategi Penguatan Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Sekolah. UMMPress.
Arifin, S., & Nurhakim, M. (2025b). Strategi Penguatan Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Sekolah. UMMPress.
Asykur, M., Nurdin, N., Hidayat, R. N., Fahira, J., & Zain, M. (2025). Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Kompetensi Sosial-Religius: Strategi Penguatan Empati dan Toleransi pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah. Jurnal Al-Qiyam, 6(1), 278–291.
Azizah, N., Sobandi, A., & Fatadona, H. (2025). Pendekatan Humanisme Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Mata Ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam. FASTABIQ: JURNAL STUDI ISLAM, 6(1).
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2009). Developing the theory of formative assessment. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability (Formerly: Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education), 21(1), 5–31.
Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2020). Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science, 24(2), 97–140.
Eggen, P. D., & Kauchak, D. P. (2004). Educational psychology: Windows on classrooms. (No Title).
Ekaningtyas, N. L. D. (2022). Psikologi Dalam Dunia Pendidikan. Padma Sari: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 2(01), 29–38.
Falasifa, I., & Umdaturrosyidah, U. (2021). Landasan Psikologis dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum. Jurnal Al-Qiyam, 2(1), 86–92.
Ghazali, R. U. (2021). Model Pembelajaran Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Metakognitif Siswa (Studi Kasus Di Ma Darul Ishlah).
Goleman, D. (2011). Leadership: The power of emotional intelligence (Vol. 46). More Than Sound Florence, MA.
Hafizha, D., Ananda, R., & Aprinawati, I. (2022). Analisis pemahaman guru terhadap gaya belajar siswa di SDN 020 Ridan Permai. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dasar: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Hasil Penelitian, 8(1), 25–33.
Hakiky, N., Nurjanah, S., & Fauziati, E. (2023). Kurikulum merdeka dalam perspektif filsafat konstruktivisme. Tsaqofah, 3(2), 194–202.
Hakim, L. (2020). Pendidikan Islam Integratif: Best Practice Integrasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Kurikulum Pendidikan Tinggi. Gestalt Media.
Hamdan, M. (2024). Implementasi strategi pembelajaran kolaboratif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman Pendidikan Agama Islam. Journal Of Holistic Education, 1(1), 63–85.
Handayaningsih, A. C. R., Fauziati, E., Maryadi, M., & Supriyoko, A. (2024). Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Di Paud Dalam Konsep Sosial Kognitif Albert Bandura. Proficio, 5(1), 771–777.
Hasmawati, H., & Muktamar, A. (2023). Asesmen dalam Kurikulum Merdeka Perspektif Pendidikan Agama Islam. Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research, 1(3), 197–211.
Hidayati, Z., Nurdi, N., Kusaeri, K., Suparto, S., & Malyuna, S. I. (2025). Assessing the Assessor: Investigating Formative Assessment Literacy Among Islamic Education Teachers in Lamongan, Indonesia. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(4), 6074–6086.
Ihwanah, A., & Astuti, M. (2024). Integrasi Pendekatan Empirisme dan Behaviorisme dalam Pembelajaran PAI di Era Digital. Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan, 13(001 Des), 281–292.
Indria, A. (2020). Multiple intelligence. Jurnal Kajian Dan Pengembangan Umat, 3(1).
Jufri, D., & Tobroni, T. (2024). Kajian Materi Pendidikan Agama Islam Dengan Pendekatan Psikologi. Moral: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Islam, 1(4), 11–27.
Kahn, E., & Rachman, A. W. (2000). Carl Rogers and Heinz Kohut: A historical perspective. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 17(2), 294.
Khumaini, F., Isroani, F., Ni’mah, R., Ningrum, I. K., & Thohari, H. (2022). Kebijakan pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan Islam: Kurikulum dan pendekatan humanistik di era digital. Risâlah Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam, 8(2), 680–692.
Kurnia, T., Pujiastuti, H., & Fathurrohman, M. (2023). Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dengan pendekatan metakognitif: Systematic literature review. JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(1), 616–622.
Langgulung, H. (1991). Asas-asas pendidikan Islam. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Lestari, U. F., Wati, M., Afandi, M., Subhan, M., & Sahbana, M. D. R. (2024). Strategi Pembelajaran Diferensiasi dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam: Perspektif Psikologis. Journal of Education Research, 5(4), 5272–5280.
Lubis, S. (2020). Konsep Kecerdasan Emosional Sebagai Metodologi Prestasi Belajar. Guepedia.
Luthfiyani, P. W., Rajab, K., & Masyhuri, M. (2025). Pendekatan Konstruktifisme dalam Psikologi Belajar Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Islam. Hamalatul Qur’an: Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Alqur’an, 6(1), 20–36.
Mariska, R., & Khobir, A. (2024). Implementasi Aliran Konstruktivisme Terhadap Kurikulum Merdeka Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Pendidikan Islam. ALFIHRIS: Jurnal Inspirasi Pendidikan, 2(1), 210–219.
Maslow, A. H. (2023). Motivation and personality: Motivation and personality: Unlocking your inner drive and understanding human behavior by AH Maslow. Prabhat Prakashan.
Metri, G. G., Erawati, M., Suryani, R. W., Panjaitan, M. M. J., Agustini, L., Dadang, D., Umbarasari, T., Wekke, I. S., & Syamsudin, S. (2025). Pendidikan: Landasan, Teori, dan Praktik. Yayasan Tri Edukasi Ilmiah.
Minabari, K. H., & Jaafar, F. M. (2024). Studying in China: Analysis of the Implementation of Formative Assessment in Learning and its Contribution to Islamic Religious Education. TADRIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 19(2), 72–89.
Munawar, F. (2022). Peningkatan Kualitas Rancangan RPP pada Materi Al-Qur’an Hadis dengan Penerapan Pendekatan Sosiokultural di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Epistemic: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 1(3), 259–276.
Parwati, N. N., Suryawan, I. P. P., & Apsari, R. A. (2023). Belajar dan pembelajaran. PT. RajaGrafindo Persada-Rajawali Pers.
Pattiasina, P. J., Asmara, A., Ayub, S., & Meisarah, F. (n.d.). Pedagogi Progresif Menuju Pembelajaran Efektif.
Pozas, M., Letzel, V., & Schneider, C. (2020). Teachers and differentiated instruction: Exploring differentiation practices to address student diversity. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 20(3), 217–230.
Purnasari, M., & Nugraha, M. S. (2024). Strategi Pembelajaran Diferensiasi dalam Model Desain Pembelajaran PAI: Memenuhi Kebutuhan Heteroginitas Siswa di SD Garut Islamic School Prima Insani. Kaipi: Kumpulan Artikel Ilmiah Pendidikan Islam, 2(2), 75–80.
Qosim, M. (2024). Implementasi Teori Psikologi Humanistik dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah/Madrasah. Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Kemuhammadiyahan (JASIKA), 4(1).
Rahmat, A., & Safitri, A. (2025). Urgensi Asesmen Formatif Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran Abad 21. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 11(02), 221–229.
Rahyubi, H. (2012). Teori-teori belajar dan aplikasi pembelajaran motorik. Bandung: Nusa Media.
Rogers, C. R. (1986). Carl Rogers on the development of the person-centered approach. Person-Centered Review.
Setiawan, S. A. (2024). Tantangan guru pai mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (JIPMI), 3(1), 49–64.
Sihono, S., & Hamami, T. (2025). Integrasi Asas Psikologi dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam. Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Agama Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan, 22(1), 163–175.
Sinaga, S. (2025). Strategi Guru PAI dalam Mengintegrasikan Nilai-nilai Islam melalui Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek. Edukatif, 3(1), 71–76.
Sitorus, A. S., Darmawan, M. Y. A., & Arif, A. A. (2025). Asesmen Formatif Sebagai Instrumen Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(02), 103–117.
Smale-Jacobse, A. E., Meijer, A., Helms-Lorenz, M., & Maulana, R. (2019). Differentiated instruction in secondary education: A systematic review of research evidence. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 472176.
Sofiana, F., & Aly, H. N. (2023). Landasan Psikologis. Journal on Education, 5(2), 4312–4316.
Suhra, S. (2024). Pendidik dalam Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan Islam.
Sukmadinata, N. S. (2020). Pengembangan kurikulum.
Suminto, S. (2020). Asas psikologis dan implikasinya dalam pendidikan agama islam perspektif hasan langgulung. Andragogi: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Agama Islam, 2(1), 9–26.
Suryadi, A., Damopolii, M. P. D. M., & Rahman, M. A. D. U. (2022). Teori Konstruktivisme dalam Pembelajaran PAI di Madrasah: Teori dan Implementasinya. CV Jejak (Jejak Publisher).
Syafii, H. (2025). A Problem-Based Learning sebagai Strategi untuk Mengembangkan Kreativitas Metakognitif pada Siswa: Perspektif Psikologi Pendidikan. Jurnal Konatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 3(1), 18–33.
Tafonao, T., & Abd Aziz, M. K. N. (2024). Pendekatan Behavioristik Dalam Analisis Dan Intervensi Perilaku. Educatum: Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 2(1), 66–80.
Umam, M. R., & Hamami, T. (2023). Evaluasi Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam Sekolah Dan Madrasah. AT-TA’DIB: Jurnal Ilmiah Prodi Pendidikan Agama Islam, 1–16.
Uno, H. B. (2023). Teori motivasi dan pengukurannya: Analisis di bidang pendidikan. Bumi Aksara.
van der Linden, J., van der Vleuten, C., Nieuwenhuis, L., & van Schilt-Mol, T. (2023). Formative use of assessment to foster self-regulated learning: The alignment of teachers’ conceptions and classroom assessment practices. Journal of Formative Design in Learning, 7(2), 195–207.
Vygotsky, L., & Cole, M. (2018). Lev Vygotsky: Learning and social constructivism. Learning Theories for Early Years Practice. UK: SAGE Publications Inc, 68–73.
Wahyuni, E., Muchtar, M., & Ahmad, F. (2024). Implementasi Kurikulum Islam Terpadu Dalam Membangun Kemampuan Metakognitif Siswa SMP Islam Terpadu Suara Dai Muda Langkat. Journal Millia Islamia, 75–86.
Wisniewski, B., Zierer, K., & Hattie, J. (2020). The power of feedback revisited: A meta-analysis of educational feedback research. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 487662.
Yan, Z., & Carless, D. (2022). Self-assessment is about more than self: The enabling role of feedback literacy. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 47(7), 1116–1128.
Yanre, M. A., Gusneti, I., & Angraini, S. (2025). Menilai Bukan Sekedar Menghitung: Peran Asesmen Formatif Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 11(02), 221–229.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Whan Nurdiana, Tasman Hamami

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
